LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. | 

Chap. ..t .'2..5.5.... 




^mtmrnmiimmmimm^ 



"9Sr««9«aa9eX* 




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-SSt&»W Aa-. ■' ji^- i w-r 



iHimofira 

ijiotorirnl ^rriro 

3lo. hi. 



JUURN N I 

CAI'IAIX I'vrscii 

BUK(.(.)VNE CAMTAIGN. 

T«AB»tATID AND AniMTATtO 



«*n ■ 






JOkl. ! ATE $r 

M WXV. : ' 



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TAPI.K OK I 'KNT8. 



»•••■ 



Prctiicc Ui 

loirodttction • • g 

JouriMl ip 

Account of i* ''Oct. 7, 177" 159 

Appendii — EitrAct from Gcfi. Putnim : 

MSS. rt%Mtd'tn% B u fgoyoc** c-^ 

wh ) after the book bad 

none lo y 176^ 

In<ict 177 

Frrit. 186 



tfkncral Iioratio Rogrro. 



JnLisAL, !u%tlv to rank at 

uac ul lac ine»t jwCompiUhcd of 
Burgoync' ^c 

i\ aflfircrionatclv i. 



lu* 



ihc Tt 



:uau» 



W: 



PRLl ACi., 




■TV |M . Miv* of |r 

One ift lo pi« iHc • ' : ih« 

•'.'^ -e the icii liic««Uy. The 

which fhr .n. 

ing ire ••.tc.i .. imt- -il. 

1*f»» .-,.. . ! .. - ..r •»\.^, -,..,. . . jji«fc 

cl*- *i»T 11 the nl*ii 

I ^ , H in t *t 

the rcAJcr would prcl'cf to koow joM wh^i 
Pauich inicDiicd Co conrcy. 

The ifAntUiioQ of thn fmimal hai hccQ ai- 
icndcd with pcculur . from the hfCt 

that much of it is io Ua((tugc now obuilcte. 
Etpcculk U iht« the caie in rcfmrd to - al 

lcrm« wed to dcxTihe mT <«..'r. 

Forttt lately, however, I hare had the aid ut tcvcral 
gentle.nen who have served iot a loog cime in 



PREFACE iv 

the Prussian army, one of whom, being a native 
of Hesse-Hanau, is specially familiar with the 
idioms of the language in that part of Germany. 
Thus, my thanks are particularly due to Mr. 
Henry A. Fischer, of New York City, Mr. 
Robert Moeller of Jersey City, Mr. Eugene 
Vogel of New York City, formerly an officer 
in the 9th Regiment of the Schleswig Holstein 
Field-Artillery, and also to Dr. James A. Butler 
of Madison, Wis. — himself an accomplished 
German scholar — for valuable aid in unravelling 
several knotty passages. I am also under heavy 
obligation to Mr. Edward J. Lowell, for giving 
my readers the benefit of4U^reat store of knowl- 
edge regarding the relations existing, at the time 
that Pausch wrote, between the English Govern - 
ment and the petty German Princes ; and like- 
wise to Mr. Wm. T. Markham — an experienced 
civil engineer — for visiting the Battle-Ground, 
and preparing a map showing the movements of 
Captain Pausch during the Action of the 7th of 
October. 

A wprd more concerning the Journal itself. 

Pausch's Journal, the original MS. of which 
was recently found by Mr. Edward J. Lowell, 



10' (c Librmry at CaMd iS*. he Ljn- 

^ w ,. .]c of the 

Journiu ut inc «• .!. ifi* |||e 

Rrvoluiioo. ih«i h^ ,. 

iimUiTn It i( '\\r\ \ 

I 

Rhine and i Scabo^' t 1 .: 

ma f, ol t> 4 tod ICVCflfV pJ,;^:. 

dctAiU the f<lc and lortunt of Pauich lod hu 

aim from >t . ihcy Idf 
llaiMu). to the 

Oct, 7th. .™ ,,,, 

vcMck in .. - ) 

ihcfn CO a ir^ 

• — • 

which look ihcm to S .-r. an;! 

lo to the river Sorcl 

pied three monfh« and a halt, ko guard ag- 
dcacftiofi in pa««i nigh the Tree itatcs on 

,i._ ui ijj^ vcuciv eiihef * 'ed in the 

". ihc rirer, or were m - rca Co ttla ■ 
: anapoit had been engaged in che Guinea 
« ive crade, aiid to wa« lie for che (Irr-^M^ ^t.y^ 
crjile. She Marccd with one reci. 
in iron*. The journal abo dwells freeljr on che 
perMKial eiperienccs of iu author ^and hit men. 



omtaBBBBammmwimma^^ww 



vi PREFACE 

while in Canada ; and one thus gets glimpses 
into the private life of these execrated Hessian 
soldiers which make one lament their hard and 
unhonored fate. Both officers and men were 
cavalierly treated by their English comrades. 
English officers could command Germans ; but 
German officers could have no authority over 
English soldiers ; and an attempt was made to 
deprive Capt. Pausch's men of their side arms, 
when off duty. 

The Journal, moreover, is most copious in 
describing the three battles in which Pausch and 
his battery took an active part, viz : the naval 
action against Arnold on Lake Champlain, and 
the battles on the 19th of September, and the 
7th of October. In regard to the naval action, 
we are told by Pausch, that Arnold's heroism, 
and that of his men, made his conquerors afraid 
to move forward from Crown Point, or even to 
winter there. Pausch, who first met the rebels 
at Valcour, testifies to their firing so well as to 
sink one of his vessels, and firing still when their 
own were sinking. His minute account of this 
action, which tallies with Gen. Rogers' account 
in Haddens Journal, must correct and complete 



thoi« aJfcil. Rc^ardinK ako 

the Kj!t!r: r i . . . .01 tt ihc 

Hdmsm ,i^:i . *^y in chow « ^tn 

Mipnfrme •: 'it Dtired it rfi , ; ;,y |h« 

B „ ^0 io Chc Sfi.'i.'dry 

J$mtm^ y Gr« kujftti In l*cf, no iio 

of ihcM cooibcti tod oo oot imcroMod in cha 
poctioo of oor RevolockNury bMory, gm fiul to 
Icifn MMMfhiog be woold be gUd to kaow, 
6roai the day book of ihu I Iomm odkcr. 



t-^ 



"ic''^m-m"-^j 



^^9^^' 






IMknDK TloN. 




of* IliDAu CI in th« Utt 

vhirc oc h' aiKl «rr»i, Ihii wai io 

lew pUin cnofc ihaii 6vc milei wide. There 



were »• 


red 


liere and t' 


among the r 




4% WA% ummI 


with ( 


liitju 


;. in the ^ 


4. • V >'mr tnc 


% • 


1 -I- . 


Kill. < • '^e II. ' f 1 




•' • <« ' '• • 1 v«i - 


ctkL. :hc lU- 




nr«#e Caiael. 


Mfh»> had Ufr 


hit 


' ton to che 


V c creed. ••He - 




.(al German." 



ny* Horace W«l^x>le» ** obiiinaie, of no ge. 
and alter long ireaiing the Princesa Mary, «rho 



2 INTRODUCTION. 

was the mildest and gentlest of her race, with 
great inhumanity, had for some time lived on 
no terms with her ; his father, the Landgrave 
William protected her : an arbitrary, artful man, 
of no reputation for integrity."^ 

The Princess had been married fourteen years 
at the time of her separation from her husband, 
and she brought three sons with her to Hanau. 
The oldest, William, was independent Count of 
that territory. His cousin. King George III, 
was a surety for his independence, until the time 
should come for him to succeed his father at 
Cassel. William was a heartless pedant, fond of 
money and of pleasure. The business of letting 
out troops for hire was hereditary in his family, 
having been entered into by his great-grandfather, 
nearly a hundred years before, and pursued ever 
since that time. When, therefore, in the sum- 
mer of 1775, the Hereditary Prince heard that 
his dear cousin was in difficulties in America, he 
wrote him the following letter. 



' Memoirs of George H, Vol. I, p. 351. 



tKT9nnrrffos. 

***Tn« IllttDITABf I^BIIiCB Of HttHI CAI>*tL 

ro KiMO ^ II! 

IfAfutt, re 19. •o6t I77C- 

Sirr. 

1 '- «|uc tcs I- 

Ici Mijcu dc V. M* d«fM ttoc Aoirc panic tlu 
mcNMSe one bit mlire. ratlurnr Ic xcic ei I 
mcfii dc iiHM ccui c|ui ptncxtH 61 vo» U 
Sire, lie If dc fairc lei rocut Ir* 

pour U IC: <-t tr r^K« du .: UCA K 

Aoimc -If- . r 'irnrnf* . f> rr 

KMimti CI 4tw>ii • — If t.i. 

Prr uiririr iiir A\ »t<!if 

dc*ircf dci Ir 

dam l« motndrc c<> a 

Rcgitncni d' I numeric cooipoie dc ciixf cvnc 

hommrs itHit cnUniA du par* (]uc li pr t 

dc V* M* iii'AiMtrc unic|ucfncni ct lom prcu k 

«jiriricr Avrc mui Icur vie ci Icur tang pour loii 

•cr^ 

I>4i^nr/ inc y r ii iit>cric \\\xc 

<•* "•"'-' ' ■ •- .lii.-ii CI noa \m chute mcinc. 

' - ««Mte < 



"•F* 



4. INTRODUCTION. 

Que ne puisse, je ofFrir 20 m. hommes a V. M'' 
ce seroit avcc le meme empressement. Qu'il lui 
plaise done de disposer entierement de mon Regi- 
ment a quel terns et ou EUe ordonnera. II est 
tout piet au premier clin d'oeuil qu'Elle daignera 
m'en faire donner." 

This letter was despatched under cover to Sir 
Joseph Yorke, the British ambassador at the 
Hague, who promptly transmitted it to London. 
On the I St of September, the Earl of Suffolk, 
Secretary of State acknowledged the receipt of it 
to Sir Joseph.^ *' The nobleness of sentiment 
and affectionate attachment, which dictated His 
Serene Highness's offer, and the handsome man- 
ner in which it is expressed, cannot be suffi- 
ciently admired. His Majesty feels the extent 
of it all and will return an answer in his own 
hand.'" 

In the following November, Colonel William 
Faucitt received orders to negotiate with Ger- 
man princes, for troops to be used in America. 
His first bargains were made with the Duke of 
Brunswick and the Landgrave of Hesse Cassel, 

'^Kapp, F. Der Soldatenhandel deutscher Fursten nach Amerika, p. 2.27, 1864. 
=* State Paper Office, German States, Vol. 102, quoted in Der Soldatenhandel 
deuticher Fursten nach Amerika von F. Kapp, 1864. 



iKfy Ttos. 5 

the hnkm of Prince \ On the 4ih of 

Fcbmtry, 1776, ihc »ed «i lliniu. 

and pcncnied ihc foll(«win|* Uvc- 

'Kt»i<' Gioftoi 111. 10 fMt ItiiinirAiY 

^ lamei, Janttary j« t//^'- 
Moo C'ottUii, 

Ell cor cc dc cc que moci { J 

Secretaire di -iie dc Su^olk. « cu 

Ih ■ ' 

pr^ienief iciic Iciifc .<' " - part ct Jc ft»; .i. 
Ir* a.«#uf*nic» tie m* •«! '»'»i^' ^-^ niiMirre 

noble avev lA4|ucnc %'nj »r 

vua iroupo. Je lr« le avcc bien dc» re- 

mcfcimcm ct is^nx mum Ic CoL Faucill dcft 
pleni-poovcHi ncirt.«airr% pour cofKlurc uoc coo* 
veniion avec nm*. ic irou* prie de donner cr^ancc 
eniierc a ce t|u'il vou% dira en mon nom, Mirtoot 
quand il vou» donnr de ramiti^ 

et de TeMimc, arcc icu^uci \^ etc»^ tic." 

The bifgain wmi quickly vi»o«.ludcd. On fhc 



6 INTRODUCTION. 

5th, Faucitt was able to send off to London, the 
following treaty. 

" Be it known to all whom it may concern, 
that his Majesty the King of Great Britain 
having judged proper to accept a body of in- 
fantry of the troops of his most serene highness 
the hereditary Prince of Hesse Cassell, reigning 
Count of Hanau, &c., to be employed in the 
service of Great Britain, the high contracting 
parties have giving orders for this purpose to 
their respective ministers, that is to say, his Brit- 
annic Majesty to Colonel William Faucitt, 
captain of the guards ; and the most serene 
hereditary Prince of Hesse Cassell to his minister 
and privy councillor Frederic de Malsbourg ; 
who after the exchange ot their respective full 
powers have agreed upon the following articles. 

Art. I. The said Most Serene Prince yields 
to his Britannic Majesty a body of infantry of 
six hundred sixty-eight men, which shall be at 
the entire disposition of the King of Great Bri- 
tain. 

Art. n. The Most Serene Prince engages to 
equip compleatly this corps, and that it shall be 
ready to march the twentieth of the month of 



INTItOi) 7 

March ncif. tl farthcM i r %x\A corm thai! 
piftM in rciriew before hu B«' - 
cr.mmutjrr •! Il*n«u, if that can be done, or at 
place, a» uppuf luniiy fthall ofTcr. 

Art HI I*he Moa Serene Prince engige^ u^ 

A~...^..l. ihe ro''"'' «fititiAtt% nrt.r-MirY : Tnr*~ 

!»alllK 
V ..Mi •!iii4arT. ill 

l»M \I ! >^ foe III. will do bt% tti 

that ihe whole m*y iffive ai ihe place of « 
emUrkaiion at ibe time hu Maje%iy •hall ti» 
upon. 

An. IV. The •ervice of hi» Briiannu M«- 
j^Kj. and the preaetiraiion oi the Ui»ops rcj 
inj. rt]ttilU «h»i ibe oomtnAndinfe o^en and 
i be pertr iinicd with 

ibeicrYice, hb Moal Serene liighneM will lake 
proper care in ihe choice oi ihem. 

An. \ . I he Moal Serene Prince engages to 
pui ihit corpa on the heal fooling poa%ible, and 
none *ha!l be admiiied info it but perK>nt proper 
lor campaign lenrice, and acknowledged at wich 
by hi» Briunnic Majesty** commi«ary. 



8 INTRODUCTION. 

Art. VI. This corps shall be furnished with 
tents and all necessary equipage. 

Art. VII. The King grants to this corps 
the ordinary and extraordinary pay, as well as 
all the advantages in forage, provisions, winter- 
quarters, and refreshments, &c., &c., enjoyed by 
the royal troops ; and the Most Serene Prince 
engages to let this corps enjoy all the emolu- 
ments of pay that his Britannic Majesty allows 
them. The sick and wounded of the said corps 
shall be taken care of in the King's hospitals, and 
shall be treated in this respect as his Britannic 
Majesty's troops ; and the wounded, not in a 
condition to serve, shall be transported into 
Europe, and sent back into their own country at 
the expence of the King. 

Art. VIII. There shall be paid to his Most 
Serene Highness, under the title of levy money, 
for each foot soldier, thirty crowns banco ; the 
crown reckoned at fifty- three sols of Holland: 
one half of this levy- money shall be paid six 
weeks after the signature of the treaty, and the 
other half, three months and a half after the 
signature. 



/.VTA 

Art. I A. 
I ihall be re 



ItOH. 



n 



• inr mmwnv nf 



ibc King • V ili« 

rccruiu to re- ' 

Art. X. The M«>M 
him«<lf iHc fioti) 
tncnii, A» al 
Moreover hi» 
to be f iveo lu tbc ^ 
which ihif 



<tf I he necoAArv 



f^^^r^ck lo 



*0 ol 



»f lo C* tUu 

<-% ur »uvii A» arc 
iiMi ««itii the reM of •^*'- 
...cy thaH '^r-.r v»;»f» iHc l.-^, 
h other - officcf^ 



corpi any 

beyond ili<^i: 

trmy ; an^^ " 

Ibh irtM.{> 

ihall . 

quires ol' iuell) « \% lo their military rank, 

and the tcnicxitv ol thctr connniauofu, without 

making any > oo oi what corpt the troop* 

may be withuhuh ' erve. T) ;•» 

Uiall take the o4th • i to hi* !• c 

Majr%iy, ««ith«)ut y »o thai whun ntcy 



have taken lu their 

a 



:n. 



lO INTRODUCTION. 

Art. XI. Their pay shall commence fifteen 
days before the march of this body of troops, and 
from the time the troops shall have quitted their 
quarters, in order to repair to the place of their 
destination, all the expences of march and trans- 
port, as well as of the future return of the troops 
into their own country, shall be at the charge of 
his Britannic Majesty. 

Art. XII. His Britannic Majesty will grant 
to the Most Serene Prince, during all the time 
that this body of troops shall be in the pay of 
his Majesty, an annual subsidy of twenty-five 
thousand and fifty crowns banco. His Majesty 
shall cause notice of the cessation of the afore- 
said subsidy to be given, a whole year before it 
shall cease to be paid, provided that this notice 
shall not be given till after the return of the 
troops into the dominions of his Most Serene 
Highness. 

This treaty shall be ratified by the high con- 
tracting parties, and the ratifications thereof shall 
be exchanged as soon as possible. In witness 
whereof, we the undersigned, in virtue of our 



II 

|L.S.| Wiui%vi 

Oo ihc iTih o( MAfch. 1776. - 
n€9uncctl the t* e of hi* 

rcgimcnl in the ? 

*TNt H*H> r*--- f filmic VAMVL 

i w K.!*'' V'* -wfc III. 

Ilaaiu, cc 17. Mats 1776. 



C'of a« 




tc» 




,- ; 


rr IC 1 


\% ••*>'»« •••■#<l 


... - — if Ain. . '.. 


armer. 1^ i 


■*. rii*i\AM! j%rrfi ||||C 


le '.uir dc ilcj'*^* 


que 


c, je 1141 :- 


.v..:u ttfi ioiUnt pour cet 


Lj llUC Ct 


que f'iHC mcttrc dc%an( 


Voire Mainic . 


;ac ilu rcgimcnl. 



commc 'cn ai fail la rcvuc Vcndrctii dernier. 



12 INTRODUCTION. 

ainsi que les noms des officiers avec la date de 
leur patentes. 

Puissiez-vous, Sire, avoir lieu d'etre satisfait 
des faibles preuvses que j'ai desire de vous donnez 
de mon devouement respectueux, de ma reconnais- 
sance soumise. J'ose encore reiterer que mon 
ardeur inexprimable d'etre utile a son service 
peut seule etre nommee et non la chose meme. 

Permettez, Sire, que venant d'apprendre que le 
Landgrave, mon pere, fournit a votre Majeste un 
Corps d'artillerie, j'ose lui ofFrir une compagnie 
de 1 20 hommes de cette espece appartenant 
jiisqu'ici a mon regiment. J'en ai deja fait la 
proposition au Colonel Faucitt, mais comme il 
n'avait pas d'ordre de prendre de I'artillerie en 
subsides, il n'a pas pu y entrer alors. 

Des que j'apprendrai les intentions de Votre 
Majeste a cet egard cette compagnie pourra in- 
cessement marcher a ses ordres. 

Cest avec, etc, etc. 

The offer of the company of artillery above- 
mentioned caused a long discussion. The prince 
wanted his subsidy increased, in proportion to the 



INI 



I : 



'•f «»l r.r A ni turnithr.i Ihc I'^fi u| 

-wii •••. :^r t-' 'Si% lilt bcfcnc llighocw 

WAvalrca.l* , '- •"■ n *» llu Scrcoc 

lAihcr. The »" *»»*c iccfi, tud 

hithm.. if _ ^ ICC 10 the 

^h of the period* now brctkt 
into F 

"*TMa liiAKOirAftt TaiMct Of Hum-Ca ^ 
To TMi Easl or SvrroLK. 

Ilanau, i May 1776. 

The luck I luvc had 10 be able 10 1 
•ome mannef mj uimoM re%pect tod g 
10 the bot uf King* by otfiering my croop» to Hi» 
Mftetiy't •crviie givct me a very Agreeable op* 
poftuniiy ol t • ni. My lord, for all % 

kindneM and IricaOin , ■ • ■v\'- upon ihiliHii i n 
and begging yoar pAitivui iu< alt -^*' *- f 

!!... T>4vc provided you in this reg^.w. 

«t; i»nW wtthei are that all the offii 
».j.i:^,, ..c ..,. -cgimcni. now to Hit M-^i»i, • 



1 + 



INTRODUCTION. 



orders, may be animated of the same respectful 
attachment and utmost zeal I shall ever bear for 
the king, my generous protector and magnani- 
mous support. May the end they shall fight for 
answer to the kings upper contentment, and your 
laudable endeavors, My lord, be granted by the 
most happiest issue. The continuation of your 
friendship to me. Sir, w^hich I desire very much 
assures your goodness and protection to my 
troops. I ask in their names this favor from you 
and hope they w^ill deserve it. 

"Excuse me. Sir, if I am not strong enough in 
the English language for to explain as I should 
the utmost consideration and sincere esteem with 
which I am for ever. My lord, your most humble 
and very obedient servant 

"William H. P. of Hesse." 

"The Earl of Suffolk 
TO the Hereditary Prince of Hesse-Cassel. 

St. James, May 14, 1776. 
Sir, 

I am too deeply penetrated by the notice Your 
Serene Highness is pleased to take of me, not to 



/ATT* 



•$ 



(' ... - ^f ^tcit ».'t.',. i he ci- 

J .r ha.i ,.! . . ' i rcnc IIi !. f 

» i'.C - t lU lii ^ 

hat lit). '•!«' mark» of f*r«fffu<ie iml 
vmcralioci oo my br^ But pc 
be lo %how chcm apoo all occm»H)cii, I tm ha| . . 
lo MMif c yoMf Scfcoc IliichfieM Irotn ^ j-rr'r.: 
Igc of hi* Majoi iu, ih«t there 
I* in ihi* ' nufc -, r .f 

Your Serene iii,;h:ic«ir» i ^tui a W' 
•dvucaie (tyr «ny i»b»e%i you * 

~- •"-"■'•-- Kc he cirer •»» ,»- .... .. * ...- 

...iCM rtiA^ M.•f^i»* t* itn %i i>r lotn*- 

Yoor troops ^'* ^hm which none nn he 
6ncr or 10 • more i< , 

uinly mccf with every degree of . and 

encoormgcmeni, and I make no doubt under the 
! • of God« Uiare the high rrputa 

having preatrvod the luure of that crown Irutn 
which you are descended, the >f that 

Mttnarch to whom in bK>od and you 

arc K> nearly allied. - * "' " -i «i that 

naiioo of who*c UngUA^% ;«-»• ii.^iincM has in 



1 6 INTR OD XJCTION. 

so flattering and so accurate a manner shown 
your hereditary knowledge. 

Permit me, Sir, to repeat the profound respect 
with which I have the honor, etc., etc." 

"The Hereditary Prince of Hesse-Hanau 
TO THE Earl of Suffolk. 

Hanau, 21. July 1766. 
Sir; 

I can make no better use of your friendship 
and goodness to me than in recommending you. 
My lord, the propositions which my private 
Counsellor Malsburg directs in my name to you. 
My attachment and most humble respect to 
the best of kings removes all idea of interest in 
me. His Majesty's particular goodness assures 
me that he would [not] take ill, the desire I have 
to stay in a certain military relation with his ser- 
vice even after the present treaty's expiration. 

I hope. My lord, you will find I do not ask 
too much, and in this regard I beg you to sup- 
port this affair with your utmost credit. My 
gratitude will be without end, and shall only be 
compared to the greatest consideration — , I have 



ifrrMODvcrtoa. 17 

the honor 10 be with fur ever. My lord, your 
mcMi humble Aod rery c4>' 

William ll. r. w» iIl^aa. 

The propo«J, ibove reierrcd lo, which Coua* 
tellur Mal^bttrg wm to icfid, wt* ocMhing km 
ihao that the iroupft of llc««c-IUn«u ibould rc» 
main in ih<- ^h tcurice Ut mk yean alier 

the war. 1 he fe%|tM^i. ui lourtc, WM cilravt- 
gam. The K^arl ol Suifolk apfx ' 4vc 

grown iired ul hickcnn^- ' ' of 

177^ he yieldeti it> the »«'>•« n^ii.wtt i>i mc 1 mucc 
4n4 ihe MAbuJy %%*» i" •'*"•> ^- •" ••- -^tre 
ihoui^nd crowm« Mca: . ..a,j 

n held back «» c iieg« Mrrc 

p« ll left lUnju on ihe t May, 

and itB lurthcr adireniure» mAr bcM be traced in 
the journal of in cocninaniiing officer which la 
giv«Q in the following pagc«. 

Liltle t» known of Georg Pauftch after Bur- 
goync't HUTCodcr. Hit Mgnaiure appetn on the 
Cambridge ptrolc now in the Bu%tun Public 
Library. In 1786 the County of llcMc-llanau 
waa united to the Land^- of llcaae CancI 

ibrough the death of l^na^rave Frederick II, 
I 



1 8 INTk OD VCTION. 

and the succession of his son William III. From 
that date we find the name of Georg Pausch en- 
tered in the official calendar of Cassel as major, 
in the regiment of light artillery. That regi- 
ment was quartered in the town of Cassel and in 
the fortresses of Ziegenhain, Hanau and Rheinfels. 
In which of these places Pausch had his quarters 
cannot be determined. His name disappears 
from the calendar in 1796, so that it is probable 
tiiat he died early in that year or late in the 
year preceding. It is possible that a search in 
the archives of Marburg would bring to light 
more particulars about him.. There are few 
events or persons connected with the Revolu- 
tionary war about which we might not hope 
for light from the same source. 

The manuscript in the Standische Landes- 
bibliothek at Cassel was copied in 1868 from 
the original, which was then at Wilhelmshohe, 
and is undoubtedly now at Marburg. 

Edward J. Lowell. 




t 



V4tt5ch*s journal 



17 



v( 
it 
111 

r 



Sc M 



given bf file up of the dfttOi t 



or Irf 

, < '<AtCf. 

(1 to lb* 
A 

rwAfd 



4 on 



rctgo*. 

Our |w<*.»v<^xt Prl.i.c ?jTc m a mark of H»» 

gractou- 

US for quiic a long douoc« ilowti (he nght 



• c. 



u 



20 PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 

bank of the river Main ; an act which called 
forth the most loyal sentiments from the 
entire force which had been so graciously 
entrusted to my charge. At this point our 
journey began with many expressions of good 
will and wishes for our success on the part of 
those we were leaving : and here we saw for the 
last time in a long while our beloved Prince and 
Benefactor.^ Here he bade us farewell ; and we 
proceeded to Offenbach, where we anchored in 
the middle of the Main for the night. 

1 6th. We left our moorings at 3 A. M., and 
passed Frankfort about 4:30. The sentinels and 
the different detachments of this garrison should- 
ered arms as we passed ; but we were visited by no 
one, neither did we have to pass through any ex- 
amination. At 11:30 we reached Mainz; and 
although I had sent ahead Lieut Spangenberg 
with the free-passes, we were obliged to land. 
Both ships were examined by two custom-house 
Inspectors. I immediately asked the reason of 
this ; and in reply was told that it was done for 
the purpose, merely, of ascertaining whether the 
captain had not on board dutiable freight on his 
own account. As the Rhine was quite high, we 
sailed so rapidly that we reached Bingen about 
6 o'clock the same evening. I then sailed 

" How this " beloved Prince and Bene- whom, to get the means to gratify his 
factor " must have " laughed in his passions, he was selling into slavery, and 
sleeve " at these expressions from those bartering like so many cattle! 



piitrtf€ tnt^wvit . I 



toward ( 






c the 


wv-cmllcd PI! air t 
anchor in.^ rr«T fof 






*' ;- 






i '. '_' 


%l " bcM I 






CO 


lake • 1>- 








tlccping on 






« 


The iolubi* 






ten and 


•ome wioc ^ 




to my Ri 
•omp«lv 


•ell ihcm fur %mA%, 1 




did. 


i7ih. * a need cu dc txic 


weekly ' 


« 


Dajr ai i ^"'' t « 


hrf rftkfr 


itrlAvr 


. 


piarture 






e my 


men to • 


if lO 




-«. 


For * 


fhr < 


I " , ■ ■ 


• :hc 


w«»«« 


■ ■ . 




• • the 


€• 






id 


in order 






•h- 


o<»' 






Yu - a -ar in ^ : • 






1 , 


At 1 did not iriah lo 


be long 


ab«cni iVom'my 


men, %t%d at 1 






igc oT 


the ri»e ol* the 






>. |N»- 


Mgc, 1 wa* not 


( 


• 


leocy. 


General von U' 

IV 
d 

commaiidini at Si. Uc 


1 ai ihe lortrcM of Rhcin- 


Mr*) and 


rci|ucMed 


him to 






2 2 PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 

make my excuses to his Excellency, and to give 
him as a reason for my not waiting on him the 
responsibility devolving upon me on account of 
the near approach of my ships. The latter 
reached Rhlnefels at 9 o'clock ; and before they 
had come to the frontier of Cur~Trierische, 
(which lies nearly opposite St. Goar) I returned 
on board. 

Since yesterday we have had a head wind ; 
notwithstanding which, however, we passed 
Coblentz at one, Neuwied at four, Andernach at 
five, and Oberwinter at a quarter of nine where 
we anchored for the night, 

P. N. Every morning I always order the re- 
veille to be beaten at daybreak, and the tatoo in 
the evening. 

The custom-house officers from Hanau, have 
exercised the greatest politeness towards those 
officers and subalterns who were sent in advance. 

So far, pleasure, contentment, and excellent 
health prevail among my men. They never 
fail, after reveille and tatoo, to make their offer- 
ings due their God by singing morning and even- 
ing hymns for one hour. Afterwards, they give 
themselves up to enjoyment, but in such a man- 
ner as never to give me cause for complaint or 
punishment. I cannot sufficiently praise the 
good feeling shown by my three officers while 



/ 



ltS4L 



*«a •*« «' m. 



ft 



cf tod Acquire the > 
ol oiT men. coofcM lh«f tU u 

b«v« alrcsdjr *% t"-^ more co* •'»'«• ^ 
hi4 anticiMicil at llaRiti. I 
t>^ ! inc cannonirr, 

placctl uodcr afrevi. and (c 
cbaiiM* 



Co 

»cc 



IU» 



May i8ih. Oorinr the nighlofihc j-^H t»H 
iSth. wercaied a car Obct W: 



in I be 

our ni 
r««ch 
I ar 



abou' 



«aiid farda* tbovc ibc 



MoftiiCTnik sod 

CO i vvicb Ml 

loaded 

inoficy. ** '••* •• 

cbangcd lor local ^ 

directed CO buy pro 

place. I wj 
., k.i^ ... 



and a» oiaiijr un- 



\I. wboi we ac once pro- 
»tiM tsftber on oor way aa i%t ai Zoof* 






,M .^ • k i Mf 



24 PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 

Had it not been that both yesterday afternoon 
and to-day the wind was ahead, we should now 
be still farther on our journey. It was half past 
eight by the time we reached Zons, and we ac- 
cordingly remained here overnight. As the 
water of the Rhine was very rough on account 
of a heavy gale during the day, we were forced 
to anchor till the next morning. 

19th. We were compelled to wait till 7 
o'clock A. M., before sailing, by which time the 
Rhine had become calmer. At one o'clock, we 
passed Diisseldorf ; and at five o'clock reached 
Buckroth. This is the first station of the Prus- 
sian Custom-House, and I had accordingly sent 
on here in advance Lieut. Spangenberg with the 
Royal free-pass. As soon as we came opposite 
the town, the Custom-House officers, accom- 
panied by my Lieutenant, rowed out towards us. 
They did not subject us to any examination, but 
contented themselves with rowing around my 
ship and wishing us a pleasant journey. They, 
however, made an indorsement on the back of the 
Royal pass to the effect that we passed the station 
at such an hour. I nevertheless thought it best 
when we arrived at the next Custom Station, to 
send a note ashore to the officials stating that we 
had passed the upper station free by virtue of the 
Royal free-pass. In the evening we anchored 
an hour's sail above N. Wesel, and remained 
there during the night. 



c 



aoch. At 6 in ibc moc niiiK I louk 1 boii and 

' T • • Mc 

«.i. > . .. 1 to 
htm ihc I'rir 

ol' I ^ i • 

Ic -<Jy 

■1: '^^ 

be bicd. Al ihc nc he me ihal 
if ^ vvhAU%cx, he would 

grcji p 

•mvr c» 

dii'*^*. I 

•hi v% "^ >^ 

ihc at i- 

ing (>l the en ^it 

llinju Rcgi tim 

hjd alrci4i> fi ihc 

grAciou% order of the PrvMun I then 

•ftkcd ihctn 10 give mc i ptpef «.c th 

thai ihit hadbcr ' - • ' -- hi 

■end the Mine i « «» 

•C once cotDplicd with ; and t leni I 

have hied under I \. I j re 

made g«H)d head%»«> "t^ c-^" xui ^ ^^le, 
beginning to blow, drove .< c inio »hore 
about two boards «il above Schenken-Schans, 



•4 

4 



2 6 PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 

where, finding a quiet spot, we rested for the 
night. 

2 1 St. As soon as the reveille was beaten I 
ordered an advance, and shortly reached Schen- 
ken-Schanz, to which place I had already sent 
on ahead, Lieut. Spangenburg and the boatman, 
Becktell with the Government pass. This was 
the first Dutch Revenue station, and our ships 
were fiDrbidden to go farther. The officials told 
us that they had received no instructions to pass 
us. They further said, that as we could not 
produce a Dutch free pass signed by our Prince 
every thing would have to be appraised and the 
duty paid. But as I did not feel like complying, 
and, moreover, was unable [from lack of money] 
to do it, even had I been so disposed, I returned 
at full speed to Arnheim where the Revenue 
officers of the Admiral were supposed to be sta- 
tioned. I sought therein vain for such informa- 
tion as would enable our expedition to proceed ; 
and even asked the assistance of his Excellency 
Von Nieuenheim, commander of the Baden In- 
fantry stationed there. This latter personage 
took an interest in the matter, and reported it 
to the City President. But even this step was 
of no avail. Whoever I questioned gave me the 
same answer, viz : that his Highness must first 
give his permission. It was 1 1 o'clock when I 
arrived at Arnheim from Schenken Schanz; and 
until two o'clock I lingered among these ill-bred 



pjt trtrs in * -r v //. 



^7 



Ci> 



having 


1 






' ." t 


1 






an 
















Kr 








A. M 








no . 




» t • •» CI 


; > » 1 • ; . 


mv 




r«*»ir« 


\rrrr pci. 


tame 






P« 


i;. 








ul ih 






: 


H 









It 



If 



'C 
I. 

o 

1 

■< 

my 

to 

)C 
Cf 



»k ihi life Sack, vix : by 

«» J he 

IC! ijd 

it I rc- 



2 8 PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 

ceived a document giving us a free passage not 
from Schenken Schanz down the Rhine to 
Arnheim, but on the Wahl to Nimwegen ! 
Moreover, as soon as I should arrive there I 
would have to pass another inspection, and this 
notwithstanding my assertion that all had been 
seen to, and provided for, by his Excellency, 
the English Col. Faucit at Hanau ! And now 
I was given to understand that the whole routine 
would have to be again gone through with in 
conformity to the special order of his Excellency, 
the Ambassador, which Col. von Rainsford 
showed me. Accordingly, I hastened to leave 
Nimwegen that I might rejoin my men at 3 
P. M. the same day. The rest of the day was 
spent by the soldiers in cleaning and painting 
the ships, and by the officers, subalterns and my- 
self in preparing different rolls, which will be 
found under Letters B. C. and D. 

24th. My orders were to leave Schanken 
Schanz at day-break, but the wind prevented me 
from doing so ; and although I sailed some 
miles I was obliged to return to the shore. On 
this account, we only reached Nimwegen, opposite 
the parade-ground, at a quarter past live. Ac- 
companied by Col. Dufais, I started an hour in 
advance to announce the arrival of the artillery 
to Col. Rainsford. In the Wahl, where we 
came to anchor, there is a small island. Here I 
had the men land and farmed in companies. 



1 he AIHJVC II * * 

rimed by hi* 
oluncl iru! ( Voo dcr llooircn. and 

the gf nf cf g*'n. 

•on, p«i4 n\ '^'"^ 

left the hu-. , 

dcfcd I he tnirch 10 be bcaicfi and \\ to 

g alttfc. I «• 

- i u... ■" -*'• 

ftlltriit 

%nA rclormcd ihc '■ 

The colonel WIS pfe^nl if 

1) the men I?. 

1 lormrd ihr • lour i 

«.4u«cd '^ e p*w*,..^ 

Aftked f. s *nd WA* ii^ 

the men muM lake the oath oi lealty to iheir 
.\* ^.' Mt reply was thai if dcnred, I 

V, lew 10 

oblige ibem 10 take the (Uih ajtain, a* ihai t'or- 
mality had been ^x'ty 

\n ihe p' • '^ • - - 

further. my men was 

bound 10 he laiihtul and lovai lowardt ihe King. 
A» • I 

cede;... --- 'o 

'K^^U— |i ill •*! Mm W>fc» atf M— w 



30 PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 

the left, and return in single file into the ship. 
This second parade took up one hour. 

This entirely unexpected delay gave rise to 
several annoyances. ist It caused an expendi- 
ture of (21 Dutch florins for the post-chaise and 
drink-money, for the living and drink of the 
Post riders, and for horses and road and custom- 
house fees. All this was incurred by the journey 
from Schenken Schanz' to Arnheim and the 
Hague% back to Nimwegen, and from Nimwe- 
gtn to Schenkan Schanz: 2d On account of 
this three days' delay my men were short of their 
rations for just that length of time ; and 3d, the 
sailing-master Bechtel was out of pocket 76 to 
78 florins by this delay which caused extra ex- 
penses for the wheel-man, himself and his 
sailors. All this I reported to the Ambassador 
at the Hague, stating, at the same time, that as 
this had all happened without any fault on our 
part, these expenses should properly be charged 
to the King's account. That personage imme- 
diately approved of it thinking the amount 
reasonable ; and I handed to Colonel Rainsford 
the necessary orders for the repayment. Accord- 
ingly, my travelling expenses of 121 florins were 

• A strong fortress of Guiiderland, Netherlands. As long ago as 1250 it 

situated in an angle of the Betuwe where became the residence of the Governors or 

the Rhine divides into two branches. It Counts of Holland ^ and since that period, 

occupies a commanding position and is it has been, almost without interruption 

considered as the centre of communication the seat of government. It is especially 

between Germany and Holland. celebrated for its porcelain manufacturies. 

"A large and beautiful town in the 



-. the 



I _ 



Hooven 



>11 



OOC I rd lO the CI 

w 

m • 

the f rr 

fV. 
in 
«n 
all d' ric 

With '^ •»- 
l« ) wc aacbored. 

lonci, i i: ■ '^yf 

with Lieut. -id 

in 



to «t«k. 

4» Ml M 



•'• r 



2 2 PJUSCITS JOURNAL. 

Dortrecht' at 1 1 o'clock that same morning. 
Our object was to look for our transport-ship ; 
and this we found, on the afternoon of the 26th, 
on the " Kiel," a great canal about a short mile 
distant from Wilhelmstadten.^ The Colonel and 
ourselves boarded it that we might personally 
inspect the ship, and also make arrangements 
with the Captain for the boarding and accommo- 
dation of our men. The presence of the Colonel 
and of Lieut. Dufais was very necessary in per- 
fecting these arrangements, as the Captain spoke 
only English except a very little French ; indeed, 
he spoke even less French than myself Our 
ship, which is called the " Juno " is a three-master, 
and is commanded by Captain Edward Schmidt, 
a very quiet and pleasant Englishman of, perhaps, 
38 years of age. The "Juno" is not a common 
transport-ship. It presents a neat appearance, 
and was formerly engaged in the Slave-trade. 
She carries on her front decks 18 short iron ship 
cannon ; but, at present, has on board only seven 
pieces of 4 and 6 lbs calibre. The captain in- 
tends to make up his full complement of cannon 
at Portsmouth. The Colonel informed me thiit 

' Dortrecht or Dort, a town in the synod of Dort having been held here in 

Netherlands in S. Holland. It suffered i6i8 and 19, an assembly of Protestant 

in 1421, by a terrible inundation which divines which condemned the tenets of 

breaking down the dykes swept away the Armenians. 

72 villages and drowned 100,000 people. ^A strongly fortified town in Holland, 
The timber which is brought in immense on that part of the Meuse called Butter- 
floats down the Rhine is here prepared vliet. It is one of the Keys of Holland, 
for use in the saw-mills and exported, and^defended with 7 bastions and double 
The place \% also famous from the famous fosse. It has also an excellent harbor 



mttcns inVltSMU ;j 



If' 








-«- 










• '»*• 


•id in d< 








i 


fr 










!• 










I) 










to fell mv ■ 




wh«i 




fhetn 


%» ' ' * r r 




1 




t 


Ih.. 








- • 


•Ad ; 








•0. 


The 








r\ tod 


S 








*ad a% 


) 








•iirt 


li. 








to 


find 








a ihift 


ihip. 1 
•nd irc 










other, i 








ifC 


ihcir pr 






1 


A\ 


K>ldier%. i 










the bed*, a 










•1 poiublc, orcry 
three uAcr 


ihrec pjirt arc 
i»ell havr 


My 


cabin, the %^« 




\i \ 


^»u.!^ 


•i'.»iC 


of which »fc *c 






ly. 


A her \y 


•bout an hour - 


ail in our 


tllipcctioa ana 


in 


cumplcti 


ng uur 


nn^i •r range- 



AC 



34- PJUSCH'S JOURNJL. 

ments, we started back to Dortrecht. We 
had, on the 25th, scarcely left Nimwegen at 1 1 
o'clock, when we found that our Hanau ships 
with the artillery had been again arrested, and 
we were once more obliged to pay revenue 
duties. By the merest luck, the English Colo- 
nel, who was with us, had Holland money. For 
a permit to proceed he had to pay 33 florins, and 
for the passage- money of the Hanau Regiment, 
12 florins and 16 stuber. Nor until these sums 
had been 'actually paid down in our presence, 
were we allowed to proceed on our voyage. In- 
deed, these Holland formalities were of such 
a nature that had not the Colonel chanced to be 
present with the money, a second journey to 
the Hague would have been unavoidable. 

On the 25th two craft, called lighters, were 
chartered at Dortrecht and sent back to meet 
the Hanau ships a little distance from Herrten- 
felds where they were reloading. 

26th. In this lighter, containing one-half of 
the men, the six cannon, one gun-carriage, one 
cart, and the greater part of the baggage, I 
started ahead from Dortrecht, at half past one, 
for the transport ship, arriving there at about a 
quarter past three. I immediately set about 
transferring the contents of the small vessel to the 
large one ; but I had not yet finished my work 
when, three hours later, the other lighter arrived 



pfttc/rs ynt'MKn 

wiih ihc fc iti 

•1m» with li>« • tw 

ira I the > lo ihc ^ t 

vc»*cl the «am€ night. 



If A . » 

•ml \ , 

i 

r uju» «' 'I 

will be r in 



inft ihc h r the hot*' lud ( 



and p- i> The i 

J 

"•• i. 

»o thai it. r, 

free, aiul open. 

arih. We tailed I'rum the pUcr where we em- 
Ka 
Ma 

pa: . .r 



36 PAUSCH'S JOURNJL. 

from Helvoetsluys' a large package addressed to 
His Majesty, the King of Great Britain. We 
passed Wilhelmstadt within a quarter of a mile 
of Helvoetsluys, where we cast anchor, and here 
in this road we are now. 

28th. 

29th. 

30th. 

31st. We are still here, in consequence of con- 
trary winds ; but as soon as the wind changes, 
we will not hesitate, if the change is favorable, 
to get under sail for our place of destination and 
rendezvous. 

Up to the present time, we are all well and 
healthy having escaped catching the itch of 
Bombadier Wall, S. C, who has it terribly. I 
have him sleep all alone. Unfortunately, the 
surgeon on board has no remedy for this disease 
with him, nor can he procure any until we 
arrive at Portsmouth. Since the 27th, every 
body has to take up with the ship's table. We all 
find the food pretty palatable as yet. The beer 
is passable and drinkable. It is called " small 
beer " in English. 

The men, moreover, among themselves are 
cheerful and contented. 

'A fortified town in S. Holland having naval school ; at this time and for along 
a very large and an excellent harbor; also while after, it was the regular station for 
extensive magazines, dock-yards and a packets to England. 



in hi 

ctm sr ! CI. at ihc rr»u)i oi which he 

ipr^^ n plcMcd. Wc drew plan* 

af • 'n!f in our \\u\c tuf^f tnit ..i* 

• on f>' 

•« !o ihc 

•' iiy 

•J .iio 

idling hitn what I h- i lo ej iiMfi, 

he ciprcMc ' lie wAi, 

•bo, p«rtKuU. . ' ' - ' each 

Companr, Sy *»? hnc** 

fhe I' were « ! with an td 

ouilil Aii •» * ttciicr. 

met' -irrHild niJ> . _ .. .-,...,.. 

lo bb .N! the King, and lo ihe Amh«». 

•a. I - 

I i»c tr.v^.p r • • },^ 

conifi'v ••*'•'- vxc>- 

•••7 ' . any- 

thing with thcfi) 

I7"*f>. June !♦! Wc rndc at an m the 

roadatcad «^' H'-tvocialuyk uocil t:.. ^M^owing 



38 PAUSCH'S JOURNAL. 

morning. At half past eight, the anchors were 
weighed, and we made sail with a favorable, 
though high wind. This favorable wind lasted 
no longer than till evening when it veered round 
and became unfavorable. However, we con- 
tinued on our course until morning. 

2d. No wind whatever ; and we could scarcely 
notice that we were moving. By 12 o'clock at 
noon the wind became again favorable, but was 
still very weak. Towards 3 o'clock it became 
stronger again, but being rather ahead delayed 
our progress. 

3d. However, we continued on, and reached 
the Channel about 9 o'clock on the morning of 
June 3d, with a favorable but scarcely a notice- 
able breeze. Towards 6 o'clock in the evening, a 
thunder-shower gathered, but it passed off 
towards the French coast. Towards half past 
eight in the evening, another terrible thunder 
storm arose accompanied by terrific lightning 
and a very severe wind ; which latter, although 
at first favorable for us, soon afterward became 
contrary. This weather lasted until midnight. 
The Captain felt considerable alarm, for we 
were pretty close to two sand-banks in the 
channel ; and the worst of all was, that it was 
night. 

4th. After midnight, the danger seemed to 
vanish ; by two in the morning the wind was 



p/t*srfr* nni'BKii 



r 



^^' 1 the 



June 4ih. Affrr mailing my letirr^ «fK| i. 
bic rcporf«. I r 4 it %» ihc re- 



,„.... •-. . .1 . 


__ 1 




«f 


• • , _ 




arr 


iimc I 


4 the 51b, Mb, 


;••, w»if, yi ii, 1 


ill any I i m. 


D 






port*»bip» o 




ni 



i^lh. lUving known C ol voo Spcchf during 

the L / I , tod J 

•bi>ui ihcm. k he 

Mid, that in \ v 

wind» * , 

«he n. „^ 

'• . and 



"TV-*.*** r.^ w» • 



^O PJUSCirS JOURNJL. 

that he had had to put up with many disagree- 
able things. The Brunswick troops, he said, 
had all sailed at the same time ; and that those 
of the ships which were still missing had been 
driven out of their course by the wind, and had 
thus become separated from the others. He had 
also heard that at the time he started, some Hes- 
sian troops had embarked in only two vessels ; 
and it was said that seven transports were still 
required for the rest. 

15th. After the 15th had passed, the missing 
ships, containing the Brunswick troops, arrived 
on the 1 6th in the offing; also the Waldeck 
Regiment. 

1 6th. Some of the vessels entered the harbor 
of Spithead the same evening ; and some early 
the jfollowing morning. 

17th. Of the last comers, I have seen none as 
yet. Lieuts. Spangenberg and Bach went to- 
day to Portsmouth on a furlough. On their 
return, they reported that the Hessian troops 
would arrive without fail on the 21st or 22d of 
this month. But before that time arrived, a 
captain of a vessel brought the news, that the 
Brunswick and Waldeck troops, the Scheiter 
recruits, the horses destined for the Burgoyne 
Light Dragoon Regiment, and the artillery and 
baggage, under the escort of two frigates, would 
sail [direct] for Quebec. How much truth 



ik^ MPiII be ireo txtwcco 

All ihr f.ti- ' A •■ • ». !,•/•. f •»<. 

he. 

caru, 
ncMcs r* 
wr 



pu: 




^^ 






11 wftf in- 






1 • 

jf 


rocQ: bui 1 




1 ih«c 


ih^ 


• 


" lor tU. 

•e 


1 K 




-.*a 


ve 




4 CO 


mco not i >: ihc women - 




'•CI 


' Icck ? 




f • 






^ '»e 

.*e 




*in 


HOC oioch 


three • t hunki .inr 




-re 

-r. 


There will he i . 




-^ 


poor ; 

tod the iniiii t^^«wc Ji. 


grcai r, 

U I 


6 







^2 PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 

too, that there is another vessel containing 550 
men, nearly an entire battalion. Col. Specht 
at once despatched a Captain to London, to call 
the attention of his Majesty the King, himself, 
to this state of affairs and beg him to change it, 

19th. The day passed without the arrival of 
more vessels. 

20th. About 3 o'clock in the afternoon, a 
whole fleet of Holland transports hove in sight; 
and as they came nearer under a good breeze we 
were pretty certain that they contained Hessian 
troops, a surmise which proved correct when, 
about 6 o'clock in the evening, they cast anchor 
in the road. Some of these ships sailed closer 
in towards Portsmouth' near the harbor ; and it 
is reported that they had on board coal and 
other goods 

The two Regiments of Wultginau and Bunan 
were recognized this evening ; but the others 
are as yet unknown to me, as they are still a good 

'Speaking of Portsmouth as it was at fore seen such order and cleanliness in a 

this time, Mrs. Reidesel says : public school. Since my visit it has been 

" Portsmouth is an agreeable seaport, entirely destroyed by fire. The house of 

and that which makes it the more inter- the admiral is beautiful, and the view 

esting as a residence is, that one has a from it magnificent. A wall encircles 

fine view of the ships which arrive daily, the city, afFordi'hg handsome walks. 

and announce themselves by firing can- There are also, many beautiful houses in 

non. Then the people run down to the Portsmouth, and the people, though 

shore, and with great impatience await mostly sailors, are more civil than in 

their arrival in port. Ships are built Bristol. The admiral took care that 

here, and the dockyard is splendid, as is, they should be so, and punished all 

also, the building in which those young irregularities with severity, but in other 

men, who are intended for the marine respects he was a good and kind man." 
service, are educated. Never have I be- 



ML 



43 



vr - . , ... 

ihcy wiil time and wilt 

anchor hrtr 

Cmimmstfm tf Disrj frwm S^ke^ mt^r I 



aad 4 

dropped in one in |{ 



be 

pi. 



s 
it 



<i 



fr. .:n ii^ I 

went uoic n 
both 



i*ii\ 



ihc M J 
acquji 

*J^ •*». ** n Ku r, of 

ihe Infantry r »^,| iXinop* ykho was 






^./j. PJUSCH'S JOURNJL. 

at the same hotel where I stopped, and whom I 
accordingly visited at his room, as I had ascer- 
tained he was then alone. I was received in a 
very friendly and hearty manner by this states- 
man and courtier ; and after being entertained 
by him for nearly a quarter of an hour, I called 
upon our bankers, Taylor and Guitton, for the 
purpose of hearing the news and of bidding them 
farewell; for I knew now, to a certainty, through 
the English Quarter-Master General of our fleet 
(an officer of the Marines), that we would surely 
sail in a few days with the Brunswick troops for 
Quebec under sealed orders. 

While waiting at the Bankers, I met an army 
pay-master, one Schmidt of the third division of 
the Hessian army. He was obliged to exchange 
his 40,000 Thalers for small bank-notes of five 
pounds sterling each, instead of guineas. This 
went sadly against the grain ; and I saw clearly 
that he would very naturally have preferred good 
hard guineas. The same offer was also made to 
me, viz : that I should take as many small notes 
as I was in need of. I expressed my thanks but 
did not avail myself of their offer, saying that 
I had as many of them as I should need before 
arriving at Quebec, as my men were now all on 
board the ship ; and, consequently, would not re- 
quire any money. I also said, that I hoped, 
after arriving there*, that I should receive genuine 

' /. e. Quebec. 



4i 





t- 


41 


in 


t. 


Tie 




'< 




h- 




41 




Id 


1 


41- 


'^ V 


t...t 



FJUSCH 



n. 

ihii i 
in re- 
el 

coc %« 
ca - 

more r4. | bad int 

ing a! 

A 



the fthip in 

rcj" 

CC:: 
C4v 

aid. i c^fV 1 ojrfrd in 

my boat chc ncit m 
o'clock,* ' 

board a , , 

mine, an J k>n which were the Hckuan i rf 

and (• >f 

'^ ' ' I.J iiiy I n»iJic» I I. 

I ■. a:, -ntKin. 

I \i;\ :.ti .^ .^ cKiraragani and dear, 

during the whole time ol' our »ta)r, both for 

'to 

able \ ri 

from the city m tmftil i ;* lor 



46 PAUSCH'S JOURNAL. 

sale ; but bread and every thing else was so dear 
that the men could hardly afford to buy them. 
Otherwise, Portsmouth and its surroundings are 
very pleasant. 

The city itself, judging from outward appear- 
ance, consists of well built houses, although 
there are many small dwellings in the side streets 
and suburbs. To the west of it, is a large and 
extensive building with big gardens attached. 
This is the Hospital for all the sick soldiers and 
sailors of the King. Others, however, may 
become inmates by obtaining permission. To 
the east is the citadel, which, as well as the city 
near the road stead, is fortified by many large 
iron cannons. On the landside, also, the place is 
enclosed by the most durable works. The 
harbor, the wharfs — in fact, the shops for the 
building and repairing of ships, the anchor 
works and other blacksmith-shops, the depot 
tor provisions and the arsenals are all well worthy 
of inspection. Especially noteworthy is the 
astonishing number of iron ship-cannon — of 
from 48 to 12 and 6 pounders — with the large 
quantity of balls, and the awfully big anchors. 
But the handsomest appearance of all^was made 
by the Manual transport frigate, which was 
anchored in the road. Many other ships were 
also gathered here in considerable numbers. 
The place, itself, which is not extensive, deserves, 
on account of the above objects of curiosity, to 



^4VSCHi 7' 



47 



h 

hourtot the 

ai ihc i 

I .1-- ... 



th. 



■% 
■ c 

lormcr Uuaricr i the 



Wr .i| OO ( 

•I 



4l 



a5ih 




< in the aficrnoon. 


our a «rcte : 




Aii<l, imdcr ibc pro- 


Ictti- . : 




• «d 


•M.. i. . . 




»• 


pi !4r a* ( 




re 


wc all a^: 




n 


til to ic% 




1. 


af mv 




<. — j.-.*h 


mi 




)€ in wi4lih It it 


in: ■. ii 


very 


pkAMni !e. 



Here i t^ounicd ovr fleet, which wia M:pafA(cd 



«>«»•• •/ I* 



4.8 PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 

from the rest at Spithead. It consists, including 
our ship, of 30 transports, and the above men- 
tioned frigates, of which the " Amazon " leads 
the van, and the ** Garland " brings up the rear. 
The entire fleet, therefore, consists of 32 ships. 
One of these ships carries our company with all 
of its " traps " and accoutrements ; while eighteen 
others have on board the troops of the Duke of 
Brunswick, Scheiter's recruits, the horses for 
the Light Dragoon Regiment of Burgoyne, and 
the artillery and baggage. 

The commander of the fleet — so far as relates 
to the ships themselves — is Capt. Jacobs, a 
Swede by birth ; but the Brunswick troops are 
under the command of Col. von Specht. 

26th. At a quarter past four in the afternoon, 
the signal shot was fired ; the sails, hitherto 
lowered, were hoisted ; the anchors were 
weighed ; and, without further delay and with a 
fine east wind, we sailed ; and thus, at last, we 
had made a good start upon our journey. 

27th. During this day we kept generally along- 
side of the fleet, ours being the ship nearest the 
frigate which led the advance. But as the dusk 
of evening came on, the commander of the 
" Amazon " saw that our Captain, although only 
under half sail, had to hold back his ship with 
all his might, since, of all the other transports, it 
cut its way the quickest through the waves ; 



p/t'sctrs yorMwet 



49 



in !. -ic. The 

O 

ur . and !• It of h^ 

ir 

II. .->• 

• : n- 

•r ol ih* . cd 

|i> to 

ihc i 

rtert in view, «i -h, 

tl * * Wc 

now ' ny 

of cor ' i the ur 

frigain . ^ ' ;::ui pjdi in ^ iruiC* 

IcM attctnpt - 

At the- end of thew two dayt we gave up all 
ho|>c ri meeting them : the wind wti un- 

f> : we could make hut little progreM : 

wr ituiul only tack 

Ju!v . . V . .:. 

the J ir%, 

we miiic «carcelv at man miles. The 

ume e% ' -r, * l>rcc*c %y'i:..- up of 

such a n^iui*. *- »«> v«a*c the " * * - l>€vume very 






50 PJUSCH'S yOVRNAL. 

boisterous. After twenty-four hours, however, 
the angry waves quieted down, but the head 
wind still continued, so that little headway was 
made in a westerly direction. 

4th, 5th and 6th. The wind seemed gradually 
to become more and more auspicious — though 
not all that could be desired — until the morning 
of the 7th, when, at a quarter past seven, the 
wind became perfectly favorable and the sea 
calm and propitious for our progress. On the 
evening of the same day, about a quarter of 7, we 
perceived approaching us a small two-master. 
Our Captain recognized it as an American priva- 
teer or pirate. He therefore ordered his six 
cannon to be got in readiness for action, and also 
the small arms for the sailors, which consisted of 
guns, pistols, blunderbusses, and long terrible 
Israelitish cimeters'. My men, also, who were not 
yet sea-sick were made ready for the emergency. 
The subalterns and my best cannoniers I armed 
with the twelve muskets which I had. I could 
not help feeling sorrowful at the lack of muskets, 
for, otherwise, I might have armed my entire 
company. 

8th. Towards morning, about a quarter past 
one, the American Corsair was within gun-shot. 
We saluted it by three sharp cannon shot, follow- 
ing each other in slow succession, as a sign 

' Pausch calls them •' Israelitish," but was not exhaustive? j and anything from 
he probably meant Damascus cimeters. Syria or the East had, in his mind, a 
The knowledge of the East at this time Jewish cast ! 



tJL^LIf^ /ULM,\JL. 5 I 



for it lo lull. Whrrcupoo. 
the i! 


ii hunf out from 


and \^ 


\- 


ins-ir 
oMf a ¥ 
liUiing \ 

under ccnti 


« x% 


t^reai 

rh 


EngUfkl. 1 

Cape Racc' intl Sc T 

mile* in 


n 
h 


,< 


air 


.c 


ot 


3( 


ihc maMcf ot the Mnack ' 


red fh: 


r€\'* > 




tv 


'. 


uadcT 


i 


to laa 


tC 


w« night, } 

* - - I 


la \*j be 


1^ 


an inno- 


cmi i 


lamc kind 


*r 





before, and with the tame rouli : a» it lur 

as above be j >(( 

that the ' juno,** having on 



52 PJUSCH'S JOURNJL. 

board the Hanau Artillery, had met his vessel on 
her way to America. Regarding our ship having 
been mistaken for the "Juno " by the first vessel, 
Capt. Schmidt of our ship gave that out for a 
fact ; and it was no doubt so reported in some 
of the newspapers. 

During these defensive preparations, and while 
it was yet supposed that the vessels were priva- 
teers, there was considerable downheartedness 
among both the young and old — particularly 
when the cannon were firing. However, after a 
little while all hands, except those who were sea- 
sick, came up, with sabres in their hands, ready for 
fighting. The sabres, however, were so short 
that they would have been of no use for blood- 
letting unless the enemy had boarded the ship. 
I was in the greatest dilemma on account of 
the paucity of muskets; for with those 18' we 
might have been captured. 

1 2th. Our ship continued on without any 
more of such obstacles. The wind, however, 
continued more adverse than favorable, constantly 
driving our vessel in a zig-zag course, now to the 
right, and now to the left, whereby we made 
but little progress. Towards a quarter of nine 
the wind began to get astonishingly strong. 
The waves roared around the ship to the 
height of two-thirds of the main-mast. This 

* 12 ? See Ante. 



I-Jl ii.in JOLM.\JL. 



53 



caoacd coottdrfablc commocion in the ihip, to 
thai no oo€ could uind. much la* walk* and 



ihift U»lct! ' 


tour hottfft. 




1 --'■ ! 
wii 

an boar; but o^. 
only III! y 
the wi- * 


on 1) 


. tdc 

nllct 

! 
1 

c 


%€M int 

dcilh cirery momcni.' 




C 


I5ih. I 
ihc i5ih ' 
Mk'iixA whj- - - 


W in ihc 
fcdby 


i 


^ in ihc n\ 
into a m« 


c. Indeed, 


It Mioa be* 
, who waft 

1 1 tlirin? 



All 



r ftwcpt over the 
'. *o much water 
' ^ ' -: in ihc 
h ihcir 
^ ;c. were Hooded: and chit, loo although 



ccMivc wave t 
deck or raihct 



•% kii\. *iii|' »%<'ijiii I ji 



k, rmmh |M** 



5 6 PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 

as I did) an unspeakable yearning for a self sup- 
porting, fertile spot of land, no matter where 
situated ! ' 

30th. This day, as well as the one following, 
we passed on the open sea, with stormy weather 
and contrary winds, and suffering, withal, the 
cold of Winter. 

31st. At noon, we were, according to our 
reckoning, in 48 degrees and 59 minutes longi- 
tude; and had, therefore, made 2048 English 
miles. The same evening, about eight o'clock, 
we reached the great Fishing-Banks, where we 
found fifty fathoms of water. Each fathom 
contains or is equal to six English feet. 

August ist and 2d. Our voyage was attended 
by head winds \ on our quarter. Here we 
caught English gold-fish. 

3d. We reached the Island of Cape Breton 
opposite Louisburg with such a favorable breeze, 
that we saw Cape Race at 9 in the morning. 
It lies to our right, and forms with its right bank 
the strait or Gulf of St. Lawrence. At this 
point, according to the statement of our Captain 
and his quadrant, we had made 2103 English 
miles from Portsmouth, and are now in the 
above named Gulf. 

' There must, however, have been some second division had arrived after an- 

way of communicating with Quebec, some auspicious voyage. The rumor, however, 

means of telegraphing, — since Gen. was only partially confirmed, as only one 

Riedesel, in his Journal, says "On the ship arrived having on board the Hesse 

29th of July there was a rumor that the Hanau artillery." 



PJVUltfi JOVMNJL. 57 

$ih. The wind wa« , tnii we could 



with t: 

rounded, and w i 
rcii«on, all our ». 
• hall , Wr I ill.*' 

(ith were 

men at ra* 4nd cho- t. r%< rate. 

6fh. On the 6fh wc a^atn hid a view of the 

Wc • " r 

in ;... .... 1 

the cliff*, t: i, 

obliging us lo tack. 

71 h. Thii laMcd nil ^ in tl noon. Bv 

four, we had in ■ ^• 

?'•••' •••• 

' . » •' 
nighc. 

8ih. In the nt about 8 o'clock, we ap- 

• a OKMt 

;-• • ••? the 

eve . »l of 

the .Mi>;(ialene l»land». 

»•>< *'■ •>.••' '«« iW .^« < ». -kvy mm •*•, N t^m^ift 

rtMi' • ..^. _»| AMta t»r» ---- ' 
•TV«— ia Mfc wM* fWtislMaU MBilfiiiaA- ^ iir o^ 

}m «kiMi »«■ akiMc tl« »» — .— » 



^8 PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 

9th, loth and i ith. Until noon, there was no 
wind. The weather, also, seemingly, was beau- 
tiful, notwithstanding which we made little or no 
progress. However, about half past twelve, we 
had a tolerably fair breeze, and we passed Bona- 
ventura. At this place we sailed over a bank^ 
where, for the distance of a mile, we had but 4 
and i to 5 and 6 fathoms of water. This, how- 
ever, did not last long ; for toward evening we 
found we had 12, then 15, and finally 16, and by 
evening, 80 fathoms of water. We rounded 
Cape Rosiere at 12 o'clock at night, under a 
most beautiful clear blue sky ; and early on the 
1 2th, with extraordinary good wind, we found 
ourselves in the St. Lawrence, south of the Island 
of Anticosti. Here we met a small two master, 
which had on board the wives of English sailors. 
It hailed from Halifax ; and the cargo was to be 
discharged at Quebec. On this ship was a pilot 
from the Isle of Orleans, this side of Quebec, 
who was engaged by our Captain to take us to 
that place. 

13th, 14th and 15th. We reached the little 
Island Nicholas. In the morning, at half past 
eight, we were met by a large English transport 
having on board Royal troops from Boston ; and 
half an hour later, we encountered four more 
transports, under the escort of the Royal Frigate 
" Pearl," carrying troops for the corps d'armee in 



fjt^snrs jffffts'iL 



chc VI 



i6ih 




I»> 


ncii iv 






of ihr 






loafin. 






to • 






of A lt>l 


)c 




*: 






ifr 






ihcm. 


1 




oo ' 






wc 






named 


P- 




from I 






bv 







• iJ«IV. ^Il' 



59 



'ur 



r of th well Aft the 

c 
I 



.1 

• c 

r 

Hi on board, but !> 



tow 



6o 



PJUSCH'S yOURNJL. 



we met one transport with provisions ; and 
afterwards, two frigates in succession, called re- 
spectively the " Juno " and the " Carp." 



about twenty-five feet thick and twenty- 
five feet high, though in many places, 
owing to the irregularity of the founda- 
tion, it varies considerably from these 
proportions. The walls, having been 
built for defense, were constructed of 
course upon scientific, military principles, 
hence the ramparts are wanting in that 
architectural beauty one would see in a 
castle, for they are so placed that when 
guns are mounted upon them they may 
command the most advantageous positions, 
so that the fortification contains numerous 
angles, equal to almost any number of 
degrees. 

At the time of Pausch's visit there 
were three gates through the town lead- 
ing to the " Lower town " eastward and 
northward, and three leading westward 
out into the open country. The three 
former, since the garrison was withdrawn 
a few years since, have been razed, leaving 



nothing to obstruct a passage from the 
Lower town ; the three latter still remain 
arched gateways, much the same, doubt- 
less, in point of strength as when they 
were first constructed, but in point o. 
beauty recently very much improved. 
They are named St. John, St. Louis and 
Kent gates respectively, the latter in 
honor of the Duke of Kent, the father 
of JJueen Victoria. Through St. Louis gate 
the '■'grand allee" which is French for 
Broadway, the broadest street in the city, 
leads out into the country direct to the 
historic plains of Abraham, which are 
about a mile distant. Nothing remains 
upon this plain to-day to tell the visitor 
of the scenes that were once enacted 
here, except a plain, round granite shaft, 
surmounted by a helmet, on the base of 
which is the following inscription. " Here 
died Wolfe victorious, September 13, 
J759" 




(Quebec, in 1776. 
From a contemporary Print. 



^/ RSJL, 6f 



At i^url.fv . \«rc were Of 


M ;». 


trc^r ^ ?' * wti fo% 


re 


were nore i 
the wind «* 
up ihc R 


. as 


•bout ■ i|^ 

ttiulcf way. Near Point ^ 

in • 
A. 


-/ih, 

c met a Frigate; 
ndct lo tail. 

... ... K^ 


PlCffC. 


M. 


-•"^fii ' \ the morning. 
\%c ict %4ii, laa reached Chatti 


at four o'clock* 
plain. Here lay 






-■^ TW 



•«ii^ »• 



il- k^ '4'< 'mwiu tt Wttrnttm* ' 'W-^l, 



62 PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 

at anchor the Frigate " La Blande ; " and we 
were at once ordered to start for Three Rivers.' 
It was then a quarter past seven ; and by a 
quarter of ten we lay there [Three Rivers | at 
anchor. The evening previous and also this 
morning, our ship passed over two sunken rocks 
and narrowly escaped being damaged. 

The wheelman, the Captain, and, indeed, all 
of us, were greatly scared by this occurrence; 
for it was but a short time before this that 
we passed a small vessel which, two months 
since, had met with a similiar accident, in con- 
sequence of which she had been dismantled, and, 
as we passed, was lying on her side. A few hours 
after, we received another order to sail at once 
southward, with our transport, to Sorel at the 
mouth of the River Richelieu, across the Lake 
St. Pierre. The pilot and the Captain refused 
to obey this order on the ground that there was 
great danger on account of the lowness of the 
water, our ship drawing 14 feet ; while, in some 
places, there was scarcely 10 to 11 feet of water. 

But notwithstanding our remonstrances, the 
order was reiterated v/ith the remark, " No 
matter how great the danger." This order was 
delivered by a little young gentleman of the 

'Three Rivers, whicli was the head- with 1200 inhabitants. The chief build- 
quarters of the German troops during ings were a convent of the Augustine 
their winter cantonment, was the smallest friars and an English barracks, capable of 
of the three principal Canadian towns, holding 500 men. 
and counted at this time about 250 houses 



.\! i-'fi tbc * \f 

•' . . T > I t J. • an merr1\ rfic 

^ , _ . . • . . ' i r t n c f I ' .r - 1 1 c 

»hip \« ic 

ri«k of :o 

lurthrr. 

had Ic t r 

hit Roytil .\ 

pcMCt in »• 



of Licui. V 1 to ukc 

w.- S) 

' g all niff • • ** »- 

If r f r M .'•» In "i 
I 

cr : > bad 

maiic n * i* 

■houl 9 I „ 'n. 

Here wmm the armv which u into 

K itui waa 



CI 



cr c 

to C: c I tUi in hnding hia 












64 PAUSCtrS JOURNJL. 

Excellency. Thence I went to La Prairie to call 
upon Col. von Gall,' three leagues from Cham- 
bly. Major General von Riedesel with his 
Regiment of Infantry and a Battalion of Grena- 
diers, were also stationed there. These troops, 
however, were posted far apart and scattered.^ 

30th. It was 12 o'clock when I arrived there; 
and early in the morning I reported to Col. von 
Gall who conducted me to Gen. von Riedesel. 
With these gentleman I spent the entire day. 

31st. At 6 in the morning, I started for the 
River St. Lawrence ; crossed it to Montreal ; 
then back again to Three Rivers (traveling all 
night) where I arrived at half past eight o'clock 
on the morning of the ist of September. 

September ist. While at Chambly, I received 
orders to await, with my men, the arrival of our 
cannon, and also the whole of their accoutre- 
ments, which were in the other ships with the 
fleet. For this purpose, we were to remain at 
Three Rivers ; but upon arriving there, I found 
awaiting me an order to hasten to Chambly in 
small boats — a great number of which had 
alr*:;ady been made of pine. Leaving behind a 
detachment, consisting of Lieut. Dufais, 2 Bom- 
badiers, i drummer, 10 artillery-men, i wagon- 

'The commander of the Hesse-Hanau * Regarding the extent of territory oc- 

Regiment. cupied by the German and English troops, 

see note in advance under November. 



fjilMUf ^'tL 65 

maker, 5 mr 'y% 

and alio 1 ' ^a wt luc ai 

Chambtv. iiu! 1 iccurcd th^ - . ..cU 

boaii cleircn houri loo late a :ii my 

OfOCft. 

I 

all I 1 up the nrcr.* Kor 

m*..^ ... .V- 

01. Ai nrM, ihey made bad 

ys cd 10 ml 

all Ml 'ir T .vai 

00 ine 1 r* 

around in ' r iwo en 

^' ,. At It K M. 

%* — !g on nearly 

at. two. 

3d. Mere were < . that portion of 

\\. S Engliah Kc^uncai wnich was not de- 



Tidb fta«i 






66 PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 

The Commander of this Regiment, Col. St. 
Leger', entertained myself and my two officers 
all day. His men made room for my men in a 
barn, where they all spent the night — a fact 
worth knowing by all the English and Germans 
in Canada. Myself, officers and men were 
treated with much respect and friendliness by 
the above mentioned Regiment.^ 

4th. Very early in the morning I gave the 
order to start, and arrived at 7 in the evening, or 
about dusk, at St. Antoine. Here my men got 
a barn for the night ; the officers and myself 
going to the adjoining dwelling-house. We 
were received by the people here in a polite and 
friendly manner. Every thing — no matter 
what — had to be well paid for, and in cash, 
that the people of this province might be kept 
in good humor. For this reason, up to the 5th, 
I laid in on board our batteaux a good stock of 
cold meats and other ship provisions — so that 
the Germans, at least, might not want. 

5th. An hour before daybreak, I started again, 
and arrived at 3 P. M., at the English camp at 
Chambly. All the artillery of the army in 
Canada is under the command of Maj. Gen. 
Phillips ; consequently, I, too, together with my 

'For a sketch of St. Leger, and the ^ Lord George Germain, in a letter to 

chief personages mentioned in the Jour- Carleton, dated at Whitehall, 26 March, 
nal, see " Sir John Johnson's Orderly 1777, directs that 342 Hanau-Chasseurs 
Book." be put under St. Leger for his expedition 

against Fort Stanwix. 



US' it 



C' 

f. 

Vr 

r . 



4. v.. t, . t . 



iw Br 



Ac- 



«rbo. 
with 



ih 





T 




»C 




:c 




•'» 


.ca .* 


.c 


n.it li 


i 




t\ 



IRC 1 I Cll^^fl IM l( 



ni 



. he 
m L« I* 



68 PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 

Post. Almost the entire head-quarters of the 
army were here yesterday and again today ; and 
since yesterday, the Regiments in this vicinity 
have moved up the river near Chambly and are 
concentrating. I have just this moment received 
orders to do guard duty alternately with the 
English artillery. 

7th. My officers and myself today were in- 
vited to dine with Lieut. Gen. Carleton, 

8th. This afternoon, I received orders to send 
forward two detachments — each with an offi- 
cer — one to serve four 6 pounders at St. Johns 
with our Brunswick Grenadier Battalion — the 
other to serve four 6 pounders with the Regi- 
ment von Riedesel. One marched at 7 o'clock, 
the other at 9 o'clock, to their destination. 
Lieutenant Bach goes to the Grenadier Battalion, 
and Spangenburg to Gen. Riedesel at La Prairie. 
I, alone, with one third of the Company, remain 
in camp near Chambly. 

Detail. 

The Hesse- Hanau Artillery Company are 
divided among the army in the following man- 
ner : 









1 .» 

I . 



Wc are all it 

mk wit*« '*'' .. i ...^^ ' '•- 

iMinc u I ic i* noW in - 

fccuvcfy. 

Addkvda. 

8th. i HC Kc. : :. - . :a i , " ij» 

nearer together. - . _ .;jg 

cloacr to St. !*•: I •:.- .• w .uh 

are c« I 

her- 



i 



»> c 



have two Irij^aies on the Lake : and I'rom all ap- 
p*" it 

It »■• il*i' -v.; > >i i iic t \% O 

tbousand Hr Icit at the 



*0» fcll^l, A 



70 



PJUSCH'S JOURNJL. 



same time as I did, and are destined to act with 
us. The Rebels are said to be strongly en- 
trenched on the other side [end] of the Lake 
among the mountains, and from 600 to 1000 
Savages are said to form the attacking force of 
the right wing. We are all on foot ; and I am 
sorry to say that I, also, am in the same fix. We 
cannot get a two wheeled calash' — for which, 
too, we have to pay one shilling an hour — with- 
out trouble and asking permission of one or 
another general. We even have to pay out of 
our own pocket, the above price per hour for 
the small carts of the peasants on which to trans- 
port the Company's baggage, clothing and other 
necessary articles. This expense I hope his 
JMajesty, the King, will most graciously consent 
to make up to our Company ; for we cannot, as 



' " The Calash," says Weld, writing of 
his travels in Canada in 1795, " is a 
carriage very generally used in Lower 
Canada ; there is scarcely a farmer in- 
deed in the country who does not possess 
one : it is a sort of one horse shay, 
capable of holding two people besides the 
driver, who sits on a kind of box placed 
on the foot-board expressly for his accom- 
modation. The body oi the calash is 
hung upon broad straps of leather, round 
iron rollers that are placed behind, by 
means of which they are shortened or 
lengthened. On each side of the car- 
riage is a little door about two feet high, 
whereby you enter it, and which is 
useful when shut in preventing anything 
from slipping out. The harness for the 
horse is always made in the old French 
taste, extremely heavy : it is studded 



with brass nail?, and to particular parts 
of it are attached small bells, of no use 
that I could t\.r discern but to annoy 
the passengers. 

Mrs. Riedesel, also, speaking of riding 
in a calash, gives her amusing experience 
with the driver of one of them " The 
Canadians are everlastingly talking to 
their horses, and giving them all kinds 
of names. Tlius, when they were not 
either lashing tlieir horses or singing, 
they cried, *■ AlLm mon Prince I Pour 
mon Central ! ' oftener however, they 
said, ' Fi, done, Al.Jame ! ' I thought 
that this last wao designed for me, and 
asked ' Plait-il V ' < Oh,' replied the 
driver, ' ce n^est que mon che-val, la petite 
coquine !' * It is only the little jade, my 
horse.' " 



yet. ,cy 

for uur ran >n3, wni^ tjf wui Ut»l DC iUmciCJU. 



i 

r 

God lead* me re we 



h 

i top% h 

one ! iwo 

I •< 

r 

c 

beck end caff > hii ov 

9Ch. i M 

» ■ • , . 

him ; on which i rd me ol his 

with hU II. r his 

Hence we were never with chc Regiment except 



y 2 PAUSCtrS JO UR NJL. 

when it was necessary. I ordered Lieut. Dufais 
to come at once, with the greater part of his 
command, from Three Rivers to our Camp, 
leaving behind a small detachment to await the 
arrival of the vessel containing our artillery. 
This detachment was then to follow. 

Accordingly, I ordered the Lieutenant to 
leave the Artillery-man Encke in charge of the 
detachment which remained behind, on account 
of his knowledge of the French language ; also, 
only two cannoniers with six artillery servants. 

This afternoon, at 5 o'clock, I practised with 
the English Cannoniers firing with English can- 
non, and in the English fashion. It went ofF 
very well ; and our firing was greatly admired 
by the English officers, for, with the exception of 
practising yesterday afternoon and this morning, 
this was the only time we had yet done so. 
Taking all these circumstances into account, I 
am led to prophesy good things and hope and 
imagine that, so far as I and my Company are 
concerned, we will give a good account of our- 
selves when the time comes. Yet I do wish most 
sincerely that I had my own cannons, and par- 
ticularly my igniters' and wipers. 

22d. From this time up to the 22d, I re- 
mained here in camp. We were supplied the 

■ Quick match-tubes. 



Mmc in circry rnpcct u cbe KniWtty of the 
King, hiving t'reih meal and very good bread. 

Each day w c< J our pr^ with 

English I ^ ' igliih lA^iioa , and 

mv men :*..fM...i ^ii^ tng- 
Itth way 



>'• <ne on 



The I. 

^^ the 2 2il. I'l b from 

niii^>>, ana it ii daicd, Scpc. aad. 



M 



Or Ota. 

••Captain Pjw '* -•" —icaap *^ -^ '• : t 

hi* Company a( erond »;vit 

(irenAJicr» near St. johtu 

*'A/^/^ /ir Artiiiery Br^sJe.*' 

acih. Thii order wa* ei by me at once 

ooihe Ii rn 1 met [if my new 

poM| Lie \ Hach, with four 

and MX I »c I look uifh fne 

imo camp and pract >. uh my < -ly 

daily. 



•W w»i. tAw I . mA*^ Mb, W Immh^ Om. ?. . hm 

k» ,mtmh»t . ^m^m «• • M«f Om to liV^ .,.*,. mi 

10 



74- PAUSCWS JOURNAL. 

28th. I received the following order from 
Maj. Gen. Phillips, through the Brigadier 
General. 

Order. 

''St. Johns, 28M Sept., 1776. 

"Capt. Michelson' will embark the Companies 
of Maj. Williams and of Capt. Carter, in the 
Radeau with the 29th Regiment in addition, ex- 
cept the following numbers, viz : 

Subalterns Privates 
Of the Co. of Maj. Williams, - 4 25 

Capt. Carter - - - 4 25 

Those in addition _ - - ^o 

Total 8 80 

"There must also embark on the Radeau, the 
Company of the Hessian Artillery except a de- 
tachment of one Subaltern and thirty men who 
will remain. The men must have their boots 
nicely arranged ; and afterwards they will imme- 
diately put their cannon in position and exercise 
daily in the mornings and afternoons. They 
will, also, pay the greatest attention, so as to ac- 
quire the cannon exercise as soon as possible and 
in the most perfect manner. The British and 

• Mitchelson. This officer did not 1777. For sketches of Mitchelson, Wil- 
live to see the result of Burgoyne's cam- liams and Carter, See Roger's notes to 
paign, as he died early the next year, Haddcn. 



^jt'urtrt invitsjL, 



11 


1- 


VI 


»e 


prow and chc other on the «' 


»e 
r 


Wi" 


i l>c 


"• 


1 v^-.i 


•HTie oCiicvn f^r fhr R 
lowing, vif : *\f 
C«rtcf. ( 
H- 

the »(> 




••AIh» C*pc. 1 
whom he mj. ' tc lor ihai . 


(ern» 


•ni 


It 


i*. 


4* 


> i 1 


♦c 


preteni i u of •' 
cumber i 


not co- 


•tnp«.' 1 


^ 


*T1* •yiA E%«^ 





^6 PJVSCirS JOURNAL, 

Major General has the greatest confidence that 
the Corps will maintain their honor, and at the 
same time, the dignity of their respective com- 
mands ; and that they will act with the greatest 
zeal and courage while in the service of His 
Majesty, 

" Bloomfield, 

" Major of Brigaded 

" Major General Phillips will issue the order 
designating the time of the embarcation : mean- 
while, Capt. Pausch will have the goodness to 
give out provisions for two days, at the same time, 
stating what the men shall take with them when 
they embark. 

"Bloomfield" 

I carried out the above order the same day, 
and, embarking in small batteaux, reached the 
Radeau the same evenmg. I found it already 
crowded with men, so that there was room 
for no more. All the Englishmen, on account of 
this overcrowding were unpleasant companions. 
There was no room even for our baggage. Ac- 
cordingly. I sent it all back, the same evening, 
to Montreal in a wagon accompanied by the head 
hostler. I, also, in fact, sent all the hostlers with 
the cannonier, Bauer, back to Montreal, with in- 
structions to remain there until further orders. 
As it rained very hard, I was obliged (in order 



ibai tumc . .~:-r »-.. ,«4 k^ 

Afj) to itaii 

\%it rdicircd allcrni 

29Cb. The f« V. an trrin. r ;.-»c wta 

midc bv the Ca, • nand, whereby all 

tJ- ■ ■ r ofder. To 

fj ^4 II,.! .»nly 

fu «l 

nighi, in order thai he might etijoj ■ mghrt 
rcM. 

Tl «« 

hid lu i>c ax jwr) ific J 1 
i he iVV IfK'hnr \xx\ %€^ 

a le-Lake. A <- %rat 

ihcn ^»e 

Ra' »- 

di . , . '<?• 

The Rjidcati, tt the Mine time, turmcd che 
bcadquartcTft of the tnifnuniiion and provUiont. 

October itt. I only remained here till the ta 
of October. ^ T received the following 

Order from BU^mm^.^.J . 



Okdkr 

**St. y»hit, Oct. lit. 

••The Ridciu not harinjj it room to 

concmin all the people that are on her, the men 



yS PAUSCH'S JOURNAL. 

will disembark on the Isle aux Noix\ and re- 
remain there until receiving a new order. 

"Capt. Michelson [Mitchelson] will likewise 
encamp with his detachment upon the Isle aux 
Noix (during the time that the Radeau remains 
there) placing on board one officer. To the 
Artillery will be assigned eight batteaux which 
will accompany the Radeau for the purpose of 
carrying their baggage. These batteaux will 
each have a guard of two men of the 29th Regi- 
ment, and one Canadian as a pilot. The De- 
tachment of the 29th Regiment, acting as 
Marines, will likewise have four batteaux for 
their baggage. 

" Bloomfield." 



"The Major General has appointed Mr. Harow 
Superintendent of the Sailors in the armed bat- 
teaux ; and they will be under his command, 
and obey his orders. 

"Two batteaux, with the two cannon and their 
ammunition for the Hessian artillery, will be 
under the orders of Capt. Pausch. 

"J5." 



' A small island in the River Sorel, the River St. Lawrence. The early ex- 
nine miles from St. Johns. It is well plorers found on the Island an abundance 
fortified and commands the intercourse of walnuts, hence the name, 
by water between Lake Champlain and 



FjfVfCfrs jovitsjL 



79 



" 




K 


bw 




*'* m 


re- 




» ihc an 


hour, Lictii. 


i) 


1 two 


^Hf^t^'^' 


' 


* 


dctachmr'^' 




- 


tUlin^ «'• 




•.V- 


CVCf, 


. to leave i 


ib- 


•!• 


jtninrr, l: 


\*l!h the L _ 


al -- 


a •'^ 


Lieut. Bach, x^ 


•eat in the 


•cnricc 


the r 


i p«- 


miuion tu jv company u-> 


. . . A. • 


hit renucti. 


lor he wa» 




i> »l. 


which fact h 


hi to hide from 


roc. 1' 




4r- 


mec^ 




-'. 


who 






had^ 


en to ' 


.vcver. 


1 




re- 


CCl«V^« I 




tl' 


tor on 




Jt : 


^ 




.t thu place with 

1 


a: . .. .. ■ 




...._,. — * 


\kX% cx^ 


• 


» he V !»c- 


r,%*i - ^>,m»<t V-...W' 


• I9«it^4 s/ »** ri" = ->•• 



M M /•■*, *>••••« »<« r**;' 



8o 



PJUSCH'S JOURNJL. 



hind. I left with him the order, as soon as 
the batteau arrived, to sail at once without delay, 
be it day time or night time, and at any time 
he pleased : also, if there were no wind, then 
to row. This order he carried out with the 
greatest accuracy. 

On the 7th the following note was written me 
from St. John's. 

" A batteau with one piece of cannon to- 
gether with its munitions and equipage, for the 
Hessian Artillery, under the order of Captain 
Pausch, [will be sent forward] " 



gentleman cadet, March 18, 1755, ani 
was commissioned a lieut. -fireworker in 
the Royal Artillery Dec. 27, 1755 ; a 2d 
lieut. Aprils, 1757 j a ist lieut. Jan, 
I, 1759; a capt. -lieutenant Oct. 23, 
1761 ; and a capt. Jan. I, 1771. He 
served in the 1st Battalion until he got 
a company, when he was transferred to 
the 4th Battalion. He took pait in the 
siege of Belleisle on the coast of France 
in 1 761, and proceeded with his battalion 
to America in 1773. ^^ ^^^ stationed 
n Canada in 1775, so that he was in 
America long prior to the arrival of the 
artillery detachment that was sent out in 
the spring of 1776. The artillery present 
at Quebec at the time of Montgomery's 
attack, and during the subsequent siege of 
the town by Arnold, belonged to No. 3 
Company, 4th Battalion, but they were 
very few in number. They were under 
the command of Capt. Jones, whose ser- 
vices on the occasion received the high- 
est praise. In the operations to expel 
the Americans from Canada in 1776, 
Capt. Jones took an active part and was at- 
tached to the right wing of the army. In 
the autumn of that year he returned to 



England, and on the 31st of the follow- 
ing January was married to a Miss Ibbet- 
son, of Greenwich, at St. James Church, 
Piccadilly, London. He returned to 
Canada in the spring of 1777, arriving at 
Quebec early in June with a company of 
artillery, and that year participated in 
Burgoyne's campaign on which he was 
attached to Gen. Hamilton's Brigade in 
the right wing of the army. Lieut. 
Haddtn was attached to his company and 
has given us f>ost an interesting account 
of the almost complete annihilation of 
Capt. Jones' company, and of the cap- 
tain's death at Freeman's Farm, Sept. 19. 
Stedman in his 'History of the American 
War,' in speaking of the artillery in that 
engagement, says, — 'The intrepidity of 
Capt. Jones of the British artillery, who 
fell in this action, was particularly dis- 
tinguished.* Lieut. -Col Kingston, Bur- 
goyne's adjutant-general, in testifying 
before a committee of the House of 
Commons, speaks of Capt. Jones as " a 
very gallant man,' and Gens. Burgoyne 
and Phillips, in their reports, give him 
conspicuous mention." 



pjtirfrs ynt'fvjt. gg 





4 


not J- 


c 


loih. 

anillcry, had wr 


r 


•• Mr Sp^r ir. Li 


- fcf oflT 
with Aft much ex- 


, n Aj j-^mii 




**l*iwi JC ihc //. 

O u* rtiM k in f hr :ii 


'. th Oct. 1770,11 




mrt, C^p4 Br. ,yr."* 

1 


iiocis and ilio ten 11- 
one, ( tdcd by 1 
Mill int-^..'j^ 


V 

, 1- 

The ihird 
.tc{ Wachler. was 


The R 

.... T. ...i 


• v» % • « V II 



cellcncy. Uen. Bu 1 M h 

Brigade ol' I > \%huin i rcportcJ and 

alio delivcrevi ...... 



'Tti ■■!■!, ""^ *• 

II 



82 PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 

loth. From this place I started before day- 
break, and reached the Radeau at a Point' far 
beyond Point au Feu in the real Lake Cham- 
plain. 

iith. We raised our anchor, and, with favor- 
able wind, got very early under sail. At 5 
o'clock in the morning, we received orders to 
get in readiness for an engagement. About half 
after ten, we heard the sound of artillery ; and 
soon after, under a splendid and auspicious wind, 
all the batteaux met the enemy's ships in a bay 
behind an island. The first sight, encountered 
by our advance guard, was a frigate of the enemy 
stuck fast on a stone cliffor island and abandoned ; 
and soon after we saw two other frigates sending 
forth a lively fire. Besides this they had several 
armed gondolas, which, one after another, 
emerged from a small bay of the island firing 
rapidly and effectively. Every once in a while 
they would vanish in order to get breath, and 
again suddenly reappear. 

Our attack with about 27 batteaux armed with 
24, 12, and 6 pound cannon and a few howitzers 
became very fierce ; and, after getting to close 
quarters, very animated. But now our frigates 
approached. One of them, the " Maria," having 
His Excellency, von Carleton on board, advanced 

^ Probably Wind mill Point. 



Fffsctrs jot'fts' ft Hj 



only to tcttTMi «• I he 
• frigaiei fw« 

at tfkei" -"^ 
. oircr » 
linurd her tirr. I f 
well •cfv 
wer- •»"^' 

boa 



ClOK to 



unc 



v., _*- ._ .Ll. 



navii hJTiic bcgar, t ^-* 


All his 


men ; 


-.• 


•crftcani. who termed the cinnoa on : 

V the 


■ • 




.t 


men were oa bourd; but 


•t went 


ih< 

tnd i hurried toward it Co M^ 


\ 


T • • 




~:iciu, v\ 


» 



8+ 



PJUSCH'S yOURNJL. 



thus overloaded, came near sinking.' At this 
moment, a Lieutenant of artillery by the name 
of Smith, came with his batteau to the rescue, 
and took on board the Lieutenant, Bombadier 
Engell, and one cannonier. The remainder of 
Dufais's men, viz : nine cannoniers and nine 
sailors remained with me; and these, added to 
my ov>'n force of lo cannoniers, i drummer, i 
Sergeant, i boy and lo sailors — in all 48 per- 
sons — came near upsetting my little boat, which 
was so over-loaded that it could hardly move. In 
what a predicament was I ? Every moment I 
was in danger of drowning with all on board, 
and in the company, too, of those I had just 
rescued and who had been already half lost ! It 
being, by this time, nearly evening, the batteaux 
retired. The Radeau arrived at dusk because, 
although we had a favorable wind, it was light, 
and it made, in consequence, but little headway. 
Any way, the two 4 pounders did their best, in 
firing at the frigates of the enemy. The dis- 
tance, however, was too great, so that no ball 
was effective, and the approach of night pre- 
vented our advancing nearer. This night a 
chain was formed of all the batteaux; and every 

' "Ot the Germans," says Gen. Riede- and bringing it to the vessel of Captain 

sel, "Lieut. Duf'ais of the Hesse-Hanau Ar- Pausch. Two of his men, however, were 

tillery, distinguished himself on this occa- drowned, and he barely escaped a similar 

sion. He was in command of an armed fate." In this connection see Gen. 

sloop carrying a 12 pounder; and although Riedesel's account of this Naval Battle, 

he was hard pressed by the enemy, and his in which he gives full credit to the Hesse 

vessel finally sunk, he yet fought so des- Hanau artillery. 
perately as to succeed in saving his gun 



P^t iCH-S yovMSJL H^ 

one h^il ' --^-L- >- J 
'Ihr ( . K 
m. I- 
leocy ; • '"<* 
a 6iic lire > ' «• 
oothin? mof ' . '» 
re la ibc Mmc pUcc where ihcy had 
•i ^g. How- 
ever, u - * '^-ir- 

Five Ur|;e And imaU vnicK wh cd 

• ba^r on ihr -i- 

3^..- J I., .t iijr 

btllcaui. loM •!. t on ihc I. id 

we wete t* limur 

be •! day 

break, i» ct a few 

t, • tame 

ci n my 

re . <Miic and 

behind ofht at. at Cfimii. 
p,.. f 



h »hr ul 






86 PJUSCH'S JOURNJL. 

from which some thirty were detached for this 
purpose. Between lo and ii o'clock in the 
forenoon the men would row to each shore 
where they cooked and ate — returning before 
sunset to their respective positions and casting 
anchor. 

On the 19th Inst. Gen. Phillips sent me, by an 
officer, the following order . 

" Crown-Point, 18M Oct., 1776. 
" Monsieur : 

" Maj. Gen. Phillips directs me, on his behalf, 
to signify to you his entire approbation of the 
brave conduct of Lieut. Dufais and the subalterns 
and soldiers of the Hessian Artillery who took 
part in the attack upon the Rebel fleet, the nth 
of this month, under your orders. He begs you 
to accept his good wishes and his best acknow- 
ledgments ; and that you will be assured that he 
will always remember it. 

" I have the honor to be very sincerely. Mon- 
sieur, your very humble and very obedient servant. 

" Thos. Bloomfield," 
" Major of Brigade."' 

" To Captain Pausch." 

Meanwhile, there was no scarcity of provi- 
sions. Each man received plenty of salt meat. 
Zweibachy and Rum. They made acquaintances 



a; '^'' Indian . i ' • - <. a 

oAccr» ami privair — t U, 

ifweciccf' were ; \ nccj 

of lea and i«>;icr. wcir any ulhcf d' 

During our T* • '-ngagcfiiciii, I.. 
I canoof; iicdRoMrmcf who » . 

dcsd, and ibc drummer, fMlani« and the piloff« 
who were burned up. A tailor, alio, Iom hit leg 
bv the iifnc bi!t fh^i Villcd ih' • iMMonir* >m1 

ihc y . 

•' all 

•i ** I ; and for - _.,^ 

rum! ^»all meal and /u lobe 

our foot). 

ba 

of the : 

b cnt, of 

wbi*«c caonun, >» itn mcir occcu^y a|uipmeaci» I 
look charge. 

27th, aSlb. I alw> received the following 
order from (ven. V 

^'Crrwwi'mm/, Oct. iHiS, 1776. 
** Capi. Pautch, wiih the dciacbmcni of Artil- 
lery under hb cocninaod, will break camp i* 
row morning and embark hU company up .. 
four bailcaux destined to join tbotc now upon the 



88 PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 

River/ They will descend the Lake as far as 
the Isle aux Noix, where he will take the de- 
tachment of his company (the same as those at 
St. John's) and will return to Longville [Lon- 
gueil] which place he will make his quarters until 
new orders reach him to take up his winter- 
quarters at Montreal. 

'* Bloomfield." 

28th. After 9 A. M., I embarked in the above 
mentioned batteaux on my return, and arrived 
the third day — traveling all this time alone — 
at the Is/e aux Noix. I was alone as the wind 
and weather, generally, had separated me from 
the other batteaux. Three nights I spent on 
small Islands and reefs, where the wind and 
waves had cast me; continually in the open air 
and near the fires which we had built. On the 
third day (as I have said), I arrived, under a most 
favorable but high wind, at the Isle aux Noix — 
only an hour after Lieutenants Dufais and Span- 
genburg. Here I gathered up all that were 
left — those who had not died or who were not 
in the hospital — in six batteaux, and, the same 
day, reached the camp near St. Johns. I was 
determined to make this voyage while the wind 
was favorable. 

31st. For want of carts, I was obliged to re- 
main till towards noon. Finally, by dint of hard 

' See previous note. 



tjt'tcH's yot MSJL 8q 



work, ana 


% f • ■ 


fr ommifitirf 




«tt 


«• 


Mr . 


:»c n»nj»c» in Mriith 


wr (•> K 




Nov Ht 1 


I ^ ifil hr wiv of 


u r 


i ai ir kI 




c- 


> r ; 


' 


he 




CI 


\ where 1 had re- 




4. 


i -^,11 


ti 


to •. f n: 


<•. 


havini; h«d 


all upon him in refer* 


en 


ihe payment aikl 


If Al 1 • k'^ ■• 1 « I 1' 'i 1 l>« t»fV 


li yj^'^w^i. 


II--- f . *~-t f 


-"■ ^" ' " -:n. 



I 

cent I and I on B« who had been 

ordered f AH ol : m 

da -»d 

already gone into Wmier-quanen. 



la 



go PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 

7th. This evening, I received by an officer 
sent expressly, the following order from General 
Phillips : 

" Sl 'Johns, jth Nov., 1776. 

"Captain Pausch, with the company of Hes- 
sian Artillery, will proceed to the fields at Point 
aux Tremble, where he will encamp until the 
barracks at Montreal are in a condition to receive 
it. He will take his orders from Brigadier 
Gall regarding the workings of his Brigade, 
which will be attached to his [Pausch:] Com- 
pany during the winter, in order that all may be 
collected together ; and that there may be no 
farther change in the orders upon this subject. 

"Bloomfi ELD, Maj of Brigade. 

*W. B. Point aux Tremble is situated in the 
Island of Montreal almost opposite Longueil." 

Early the next morning I ordered the general 
reveille to be beaten: and half an hour later 
we started. Lieut. Spangenburg, Tour, and 
Schutzen I dispatched [in advance] at 6 in the 
morning to the Quarter Master General (Capt. 
Money) at Montreal, with orders to provide 
quarters. As I was on the point of starting with 
the company, I received from the Quarter- 
Master General the following letter : 

" Montreal %th Nov., i']']^. 
"Sir : 
"I have the honor to inform you that the bar- 



PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 



9' 



racks will be ready next Sunday ; and, if you 
judge best, your company can start Sunday at 
whatever hour you please ; or if you prefer to 
start to-morrow and march to Point aux Tremble, 
you shall have the necessary batteaux and carts. 

"Yours, 

"y. Money; 

"D. ^ M. Gen." 

9th, This news obliged me to return the fol- 
lowing morning and reoccupy my old quarters. 

8th. On the 8th, the lost gunner, Woehler, 
with five more cannoniers and the servant of 
Lieut. Spangenburg, made his appearance. 

On the 6th, Cannonier Scibold died of dys- 
entery on a small Island (the name of which I 
do not know) and was buried there. I quest- 
ioned Bombadier Woehler why it was that he 
had been so long absent ? He stated, that after 
loosing us, he had drifted about on the Lake — 
the waves casting him first on one island and 
then on another — until, finally, when he had 
about given up, he fell in with some Canadian 



' John Money, we are informea by 
Rogers in his Hadden^ was born in 
Norwich Eng., about 1740. He ac- 
companied his regiment to Canadi in the 
spring of 1776, and as we see by the 
text, took part in the operations against 
the Americans that year under Gen. 
Carleton. The next year he accom- 
panied Burgoyne on his expedition as 



Dep. Quarter-Master Gen. After being 
precipitated from a balloon into the sea 
and being nearly drowned, and passing 
through many other adventures, he died 
at his seat near Norwich called Crown- 
Point, (Did he name the place to re- 
mind him of his American Campaign?) 
26 Mar. 1 8 17. He became a full Gene- 
ral, June 4, 18 14. 



g2 PAVSCH'^ JOURNAL. 

batteaux and canoes, by the aid of which he 
succeeded in reaching the Isle aux Noix. Thence 
he traveled to St. John's by water, and from 
there overland, he reached Longueil. Here he 
found my order and procured a cart. I rejoiced 
from the bottom of my heart to have these poor 
devils back again. During all this time, they 
had met with nothing but misfortune ; and, 
indeed, I had given them up for lost. Fortuna- 
tely, they had with them the provisions in- 
tended for Lieut. Spangenburg's detachment 
(except the rum); and thus, being not in danger 
of starvation, were enabled to sustain life for a 
time. Lieut. Spangenburg and his men were 
provided for by us. My company had allotted to 
it six large rooms in the barracks with fire- 
places ; and to my subalterns were given two 
rooms. All Captains of Artillery, including 
myself, are billeted in the city. Each room, 
occupied by my men, contains ten beds — every 
bed holding two persons. Every Saturday, wood, 
coal, and lights are distributed among them from 
the magazine; and, on every eighth day, provi- 
sions are dealt out to them fairly and equitably. 
Nearly all the winter they were furnished with 
fresh meat and very good bread. Each man, 
with the exception of those who are sick, draws 
salt beef and pork, and very good butter. The 
latter article is served out at the rate of one 
pound per man for eight days ; and every time 



PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 93 

that salt meat is given out, pease and oat- meal 
are also furnished. For all this, the company 
have to thank solely the kind care of Gen. 
Phillips, who is just as solicitous concerning our 
rations and treatment as if they were the Royal 
Artillery — composed of his own men. Imme- 
diately upon going into our winter-quarters,' the 
entire company, by order of the General, were 
furnished with the following articles of winter 
clothing. Each man then, received the following 
articles, viz : 

One pair of long blue cloth over-alls such as 
are worn by sailors, which come high up above 
the hips and way down to the shoes. These are 
fastened under the feet with a leather strap, and 
have five buttons on the outside of each leg and 

'The winter quarters of the Germans nearest parishes on the other side of the 
were^n and around Three Rivers, as far St. Lawrence. The regiment of Hesse- 
down as Chambly, on the western side Hanau was removed to the parishes of 
of Lake St. Pierre, and between the St. Berthier and Masquinonge. It, also, 
Lawrence and the Richelieu. The more sent out detachments to oocupy St 
special divisions were as follows : The Francois and Sorel. The regiment of 
regiment of Specht as far down as Cham- Prince Frederick occupied the parishes of 
plain, near Three Rivers, and the place Riviere-du-Loup, and Machiche. The 
called Batiscamp ; the regiment of Rhetz grenadier battalion was quartered in St- 
from the last named place to Fort St. Charles, St. Denis, and St. Tours. 
Anna. These regiments sent off detach- Earner's light infantry was sent to Bulo- 
ments to the parishes south of the St. viUe and Cliambly, where it was joined 
Lawrence. The dragoons and regiments by the company of sharp-shooters. The 
of Riedesel were quartered in Three artillery of Hanau was quartered in Mon- 
Rivers. Two squadrons of the former, treal. The amount of territory occupied 
and three companies of the latter, had the as winter-quarters by the German troops 
town assigned to them. The two other was much too large for the number of 
squadrons were transferred to Cape-de-la- men. Those of the Brunswickers, for 
Madelain, the two other companies to instance (only 2,282 in all), occupied a 
Point-du-Lac. The regiments were front of no less than thirty-three German 
also obliged to send detachments to the miles. 



04. PAUSCH'S JOURNAL. 

extend about a quarter the way up from the 
ankle, also : 

One large blue woolen cap. 

One pair of blue mittens lined with corduroy 
material. 

One capacious under-jacket, the sleeves being 
made of strong white corduroy. One Cana- 
dian over-coat with a cape and facing of white 
sheeps wool, and bound with a light blue braid. 
The cape itself is made out of a whitish gray 
cloth' a kind of melton. It is bound with light 
blue woolen ribbon, and in three places extend- 
ing down in front to the waist it is fastened 
with rosettes — these latter being made out of 
this same blue libbon. This garment is called 
throughout all Canada a capot. 

For this entire outfit the following sums were 
deducted from each man of the company. 

In September a. p. 5 shillings no Pence 



" October 


5 


" November 


5 


" December 


5 " 


" January 
" February 
" March 


5 " 
5 " 
3- " 



Total 33 shillings 9 Pence 

' The word which 1 have translated the color of a cloth when we say "pepper 
" whitish gray," conveys to a German and salt." 
exactly what we mean, in speaking of 



PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. q^ 

This was the cost including the making. 

Each of these suits costs about 3 shillings less 
than those furnished to the English artillery ; 
and for the reason, that I, myself, saw to the 
making of them up even to the smallest detail — 
had it all done, too, in Montreal, and made all 
the bargains myself. There was another reason, 
viz : Among the English artillerists are the 
tallest, strongest, and handsomest men in the 
world. Consequently, it required more material 
of each kind, than it did for my men. 

The blue cloth and the corduroy are already 
on hand ; for as I was too far away from Mon- 
treal to attend to the purchase myself, I had it 
bought in that town at the same time as was that 
of the English artillery which has just returned 
from St. Johns. Immediately upon receiving it 
I paid the commissary for it in cash, taking his 
receipt. 

These outfits — so necessary in this part of the 
world — are' of great service to my men, espe- 
cially those who are sick. Of the latter, there arc 
over thirty who are suffering from a kind of 
scorbutic itch. 

Indeed, I have been, from the start, the most 
miserable and unfortunate of all the commanders 
of the German Companies. Each of my men 
who was sent to the Hospital was not only 



g6 PAUSCtrs JOURNAL, 

afflicted with dysentery, but, as the hospital doc- 
tors told me, talked day and night of fathers, 
mothers, brothers, sisters, cousins, and aunts — 
besides, also, talking over and repeating all kinds 
of German village deviltry — calling now this 
one, and now that one by his baptismal name 
until they had to stop for actual want of breath ! 
For this disease there is, as is well known, but 
one remedy in the world, viz : dear peace, and a 
speedy return ; and with this hope I comfort my 
sick daily. With those still alive and well, I am 
perfectly satisfied ; for they find plenty of solace 
in the Canadian girls and women. For this rea- 
son, and in their companionship they are happy 
and contented. 

After making the necessary arrangements for 
the preservation and quiet of the sick, I asked 
the General for an order to enable me to bring 
my cannon, carts, harnesses, &c., from the River 
Sorel to Montreal. This I did that I might 
ascertain how many were left, and in what con- 
dition every thing was — so as to be prepared for 
actual service. 

1 6th to the 29th. I made this request in writ- 
ing and in the French language ; and, on the 
29th, received the necessary order enabling me 
to carry out my purpose. 

The river was still open ; and accordingly I 
embarked in four batteaux, taking with me 



PyfUSCH'S JOURNAL. gy 

Lieut. Spangenburg, the servants of the company 
and all the men necessary. The same day we 
reached Foint aux Tremble — distant from here 
two and one-half leagues. 

30th. I remained over night at La Valerie, 
where I met Capt. Schoell who, with his com- 
pany, were quartered in this Parish. 

Dec. 2d. 3d. I reached Berthier, the head-quart- 
ers of Col. von Gall, and, under the supervision 
of Lieut. Spangenburg and v/agon-master Zick- 
lamm. I had everything transferred from the 
transports to ten batteaux, and had them taken 
to Berthier by way of the River Sorell and across 
Lake St. Pierre. I also arranged everything 
with Lieut. Sartorius regarding the balance of 
the pay due us from November. 

4th. I had the freight of the batteaux equal- 
ized ; and, with the consent of Brig. Gen. von 
Gall, had given orders to start the next day at 
sunrise, when, toward 9 o'clock, the same 
evening, I received another order from him di- 
recting that everything should remain in statu 
quo, 2.?, he hoped that my company, also, would 
go into winter-quarters at Berthier on the Isle 
an Bas.i 

' Evidently some mistake in spelling nection, Isle au Bas has no meaning in 
on the part of the writer, as, in this con- French. 

13 



98 



PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 



5th. Consequently, I had everything taken 
from the batteaux, re-landed, and collected to- 
gether near head-quarters. Those articles which 
required to be covered I stored in barns. 

6th. 1 sent my men on batteaux to La Valen- 
tine, at which place they remained over the 
night. 

8th and 9th. Late in the night I returned to 
Montreal. I had not strictly carried out the 
order of the General to whose Brigade I really 
belonged, and, indeed, still belong ; and I thus, 
innocently, met an offended gentleman and sour 
faces. I explained to him, as well as I could, 
that not only my Instructions but my letter di- 
rected me to place myself under the orders of 
Brigadier von Gall. Upon this statement. Gen. 
Phillips immediately wrote to Gen, Carleton, 
the commander-in-chief at Quebec. As a result 
of my letter it was decided that the Hessian 
Company of Artillery should go into winter - 
quarters with the English in the same barracks 
and there remain. 

Jan. 22d, 1777.' Our cannon and all the bag- 
gage and acoutrements arrived towards evening, 
having been transported overland with horses by 

I It will be observed that there is here draft or a copy — to Prince William 
an interruption in the Journal extending by every opportunity, it is natural to sup- 
over forty-four days of December and Jan- pose that either his notes are lost, never 
uary. From the fact that it was the most having reached their destination, or that 
leisurely period of winter-quarters ; and they niiy be still extant (but not yet dis- 
also from the additional circumstance covered) in Hessian manuscript collections 
that Pausch was in the habit of trans- public and private, and may yet turn up 
mitting his daily records — cither the first when least looked for. 



PAUSCH'S JOURNAL. gg 

the Canadians. They were brought into the 
Barrack-yard, where they yet remain. 

23d. The birth-day of the Queen was cele- 
brated ; and a salute of seven cannon was fired 
three times at the Citadel. My cannon were 
used for this purpose — there being no others 
here. 

The 29th Regiment and the English Artillery 
marched in front of the Citadel. The former 
fired three salutes from their muskets after every 
seventh cannon shot. Each cannon was charged 
with fully three pounds of powder — a charge 
which these cannon had never before contained. 
This, as I understood it, was intended as a test of 
the strength of the guns. Since then, whenever 
the weather is favorable, I have the men drill 
daily according to our established method. 
They are improving considerably — the greatest 
part of the men taking interest in the drill. 

I must say that, in some respects, I am fortu- 
nate in having my Quarters in the barracks at 
Montreal, and not in an extensive Parish ; since 
I can thus take care of the sick and the well. 
Besides which, having; my men close together, 
I can easily correct any thing that needs a change. 
In the country, for instance, with my men scat- 
tered singly among the inhabitants of the shan- 
ties, I should have lost half of my young men ; 
and being separated from the English Artillery, 



lOO PJVSCH'S JOURNAL, 

they would not have received half of the care 
and attention. 

Every one w^as obliged to be at Parade at 1 1 
o'clock A. M. — the English Artillery as well as 
my own. The companies formed in line at the 
barracks and were taken by companies to the 
Parade Ground. They were obliged to run 
sometimes for a half, and sometimes for a whole 
hour. 

This came the harder on my men as they had 
never been drilled in it before. However, this 
exercise (which they were obliged to prac- 
tice continually) was very conducive to their 
health. They had, also, to dress themselves 
properly every day; to comb and powder their 
hair : the more so, as the General, himself, in- 
spected them man and man. 

March. My bat,' baggage and forage money 
goes at such a rate, that I actually don't 
know where it goes to. I had to furnish each 
of my men with four good undershirts, two 
new outside shirts, with two pair of linen 
coverings for the arms, two pair of shoes, 
and new stockings for nearly all. This I must 
do, if they would appear properly. Besides this, 
I had the misfortune to lose my chest containing 
47 pairs of new white pants, and 49 pairs of new 
white leggins. I had them replaced by new 

* Money for the pack-horses. 



PJUSCH'S JOVRNAL. iqi 

ones, and distributed among the company. Most 
of the pantaloons are of fine bleached twilling ; 
for I could not obtain strong linen white enough. 
The leggins cost, each, 30 French aunes. About 
60 Hanau yards cost 16 piasters, equal to 44 
florins.' 

In fact, the entire outfit costs | more here 
than in Hanau, when I can buy everything 
for \ less than it costs here. Shoes and leather 
are here, also, excessively dear, as are all other 
necessaries no matter what they are. I had 
rather have a Sechsbatscheti^ in Hanau (for I can 
do more with it) than a piaster here, which, in 
Hanau money, is 2 florins and 36 kreutzers. 

April. All the officers have to add money of 
their own, or else live poorly. A bombadier, 
for example, has to pay for a pair of boots 20 
florins ; for a pair of leather pants 20 florins ; 
for a coat, five times as much as in Hanau ; 
and everything else in the same proportion.. 
Why, a bottle of the poorest red wine costs, 
in our money, 36 kreutzers, and a bottle of 
Madeira i piastre ! 

For the last three weeks we have had orders 
to hold ourselves in readiness for marching. St. 
Johns is the place of rendezvous ; and it is also 
the arsenal, and the main depot for our ammuni- 

' One florin — equal to 37 cents or 1^ "A coin of the value of four silver 

English money. groschen, equal in our money to twelve 

and one-half cents. 



I02 PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 

tion and provisions. All our fleet (both small 
and large vessels) are anchored there. Every- 
thing, it seems, is to be taken from there in bat- 
teaux to the Isle aux Noix — that is, after the 
army has broken up and left their winter- quar- 
ters. We will then occupy our old post of Crown- 
Point, which we captured last year, and thence, 
we will undertake an expedition against Carillon' 
or Ticondcroga. It is rumored that the enemy's 
fleet is at this place — though under not very 
auspicious conditions. It is also said, however, 
that the fort at Ticonderoga — so far as regards 
situation, garrison and cannon — is strongly forti- 
fied. 

Regarding the charges against head-smith 
Brads concerning discipline, service and insub- 
ordination, the Brigadier General will send in his 
reports and protocols. I wish to gracious that I 
had never seen such a '' cuss ; "^ also, I hope 
never to see another one like him. I fervently 
hope that he will sit in chains in a London jail — 
for this is all he is good for in this world. 
There is no more despicable beast in this world 
than he. He respects neither God nor his 
Superiors. This is the second time that he has 
been confined in jail — having been, now, over 
two months in Berthier — where I have sent 

' A chime of bells. So named by the » The exact translation, 

early French, on account of the music of 
the waters. 



PAUSCH'S yOVRNJL. 103 

him to be tried by a court-martial of the Regi- 
ment. 

On the 5th of March, at 7 A, M. I ordered 
out my Company for inspection, near the 
Quebec Gate at Montreal. They were closely 
examined on this occasion by the Inspection 
Commissioners, the Captains of Artillery, and 
by Adj. Gen. Foy' — which inspection took 
about half an hour. The latter (Foy) paid me 
a compliment after the muster — saying that he 
was greatly pleased, and that he would report 
the satisfaction he had experienced to His Ex- 
cellency, General Carleton. He left us the 
same day ; and a few days later, I learned from a 
letter from the Brigadier General that he had 
expressed himself to the same effect at Berthier. 

The Muster-Roil, attested by the Commis- 
sioners and sworn to, I immediately sent to 
Berthier ; and I trust that it arrived there at the 
same time as that of the Highland Regiment. 

'Edward Foy accompanied the Bruns- 1778; and he died April 27th, of the 

wick troops from Germany to England, next year. Foy's wife accompanied the 

and thence to Quebec, where he arrived Baroness Riedesel to Canada in the 

June 1st, 1775, having gone to Canada spring of 1777, when both ladies went 

as commissary of the troops there. He to join their husbands. The Baroness, 

was appointed Dep. Adj. Gen. to the in her journal, however (see Stone's 

army in Canada June 3d, 1776, and Memoirs of Madame Kcidesel), gives 

Adj. Gen., June 6, 1777. Gen. Bur- anything but a fla t)i'-:C description of 

goyne wished to have Foy join him on his her traveling com>nnion. For a more 

expedition, but Sir Guy Carleton who was detailed account of Foy, see " Hadden's 

about to return to England could not spare Journal " annotated by Gen. Horatio 

him. Foy was appointed Secretary of Rogers, 
the Gov. Gen. of Canada, July ist, 



104- PAUSCirS JOURNAL. 

On the nth of March, the entire English 
Artillery and also my company were reviewed by 
His Excellency, Gen. Carleton, and Gen. Riedesel. 
After the review and while yet in the Parade 
ground I received a notification, by an Adjutant 
of Artillery, that the General-in-Chief was 
highly satisfied. Soon after, I had the same 
sentiments from Gen. Riedesel in an Order of 
Gens. Carleton and Phillips expressed in good 
German. Regarding this Review, instead of 
the so-called Muster- Roll, a Report is attached 
and hereby annexed under L. K. 

April. For tnis campaign, the douceurs for the 
Bat-baggage' and forage money, according to the 
list made out the nth of February, for the past 
year, were received excepting for the doctor, 
Wagon-Master and the foreman of the hostlers — 
of whose pay (by order of the Lieut. Gqw. and 
Col von Gall) one half was kept back — that is, 
6 Livres (8 Florins 9) total 19 Livres,^ which 
was paid to Lieut Sartorius — and for which, a 
receipt was taken. 

Closed the 20th April, 1777. 

G. Pausch. 

«/. e. Baggage on the pack-horses. "6^. ^d., English money. 



PJUSCH'S yOURNJL. 105 

Continuation of the Journal — interrupted 
April 20M, 1777. 

28th. After getting my package ready to 
send, I heard by chance, that Gen. Phillips in- 
tended to send despatches in haste to Quebec, 
where a vessel was said to be on the eve of sail- 
ing down the St. Lawrence to the open sea for 
London. As I was anxious to profit by this 
opportunity (for which I had so long waited) to 
forward my Reports and my Journal with six 
plans besides other things, I begged, at the next 
following reception of said General, both as a 
particular favor to myself, and more yet, as a 
gracious attention tovi^ards my Master, His Serene 
Highness, the Prince, that he would send my 
package under cover of his mail and with his best 
recommendations to London. To this request he 
consented without hesitation. Accordingly, upon 
the day appointed by him for this purpose, I did 
not fail to hand to his Secretary my package 
securely sealed ; and I fervently trust that it will 
reach the hands of His Highness vi'ithout the 
least delay, and even quicker and more securely 
than my former one. 

May 15th. Between my last date and this, I 
did not fail modestly to present the following 
points : 



lo6 PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 

I St. I sent a Report in regard to the condi- 
tion and real effective force of the command 
graciously entrusted to me. 

2d. There was ordered for the English 
artillery long, loose^ and wide linen overalls — 
such as the Sailors wear — to "be made in one 
piece from one end to the other ; and to be of 
the same length as leggins. They were mostly 
made of old tents. I found this kind of cloth- 
ing to be very well adapted to this climate and our 
present situation. They were particularly con- 
venient not only for marching, but as a pro- 
tection against the insects' which are ^specially 
annoying to the men both in the field and in 
the camp. Lieut. Dufais ' and myself amply 
tested the merits of this clothing last year, 
while on our journey to and from Three Rivers 
and Chambly. As the Artillery were obliged 
to do duty in this kind of uniform, and as it 
made a good i^mpression generally, and promoted 
harmony when it was seen that we were willing 
to wear them, I determined to adopt the dress. 
Accordingly, as I had no old t&nts which would 
serve the purpose, I did not hesitate, but bought, 
at the lowest price, Russian linen and had it 
made up into pants. I intend to deduct the 
actual cost of this clothingyrom the pay of the 
Subalterns, Musicians and Cannoniers in two 
payments, and for this reason, viz : that the 

* Mosquitoes ? 



y 



PAUSCH'S JOVRNAL. loy 

pants are, like their winter clothing, an article 
which cannot be paid for out of the fund devoted 
to sundry small prescribed articles of dress, 
having no connection with them. These pants 
are now all finished, and are worn by the men 
not only in the barracks, but when off duty and 
at drill. 

For the last three weeks I have drilled every 
morning from 6 to 8 o'clock, after the lately 
introduced fashion — with only one Company, In 
the afternoon, two of my cannon*are served by 
the English, and two by men from my Com- 
pany when [ball] cartridges are used. I, for 
one, never am present but send my officers in- 
stead — for the reason, that . only an English 
captain is sent there, and only an English officer 
commands them on these occasions. 

The National pride and arrogant conduct of 
these people allow them to command my men, 
while I am not permitted to command theirs ! 

I lately requested Gen. Phillips that he would 
furnish me powder for my own drill. This 
request he at once granted. This was at one 
o'clock. At three o'clock, it was counter- 
manded through tlfe influence either of the 
Major or some "one else. Jealousy was the 
cause of my not being allowed to drill sepa- 
rately any longer ; and I was thus forced to drill 
at 4 o'clock in the afternoon, according to their 
orders and by their drums, which my men do 



Io8 PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 

not understand at all, and who, if I left them to 
drill alone, would be totally demoralized. In 
fact, the Devil of Jealousy has been aroused 
because the English see that my men drill 
quicker and more promptly, and because, also, 
the spectators do us the justice publicly to ac- 
knowledge this to be the case. Hence, instead 
of the former friendship between us, there is 
now enmity. They imitate our Artillery in diff- 
erent things, as, for example, in the matter of 
our wipers — of which they are having some 
made for their 3 and 6 pound cannon. Every 
day, to my disgust, I have to practice the [lately] 
introduced quick-step, which we do not have, 
nor do they have it in Prussia — nay not in the 
world, except in the chase, with fast horses and 
good dogs ! This is a splendid exercise for the 
men in winter ; but in the summer, when the 
weather is warm, it is detrimental to the health 
of the men. It has no good result except to 
make the spectators laugh ^ — for by this man- 
oeuvre no closed ranks could be kept in an 
attack upon the enemy. In case, therefore, of a 
retreat we would not only fare badly, but would 
be exposed to the well deserved censures of the 
European and American press.' 

There is a daily parade from 10 to 12 o'clock — 
frequently to 12:30 — and every evening, from 
5 to 7. Every man in our service must turn out 

* The Press was a power even in those days ! 



PJUSCH'S yOURNJL. 109 

and be present. Having anything but a full 
Company, and having, at times, from 10 to 12 
men sick at the barracks with the bad, and in 
this country, the ever prevalent diarrhea, I send 
two officers. The General daily assumes more 
and more authority — encroaching more and 
more upon our jurisdiction. 

The head-smith. Brads, was sentenced by 
Court Martial to two months imprisonment 
on bread and water as a punishment for his 
wickedness and excesses. This will be fully 
shown by the documents which will be sub- 
mitted by Brig. Gen. and Col. von Gall. A few 
days after the sentence, his fascinating daughter 
called on the General, and his wife on the 
Major. As the result, I immediately received 
an order, through Lieut. Dufais whom the 
Major met, at once to liberate the head-smith, 
Brads. I immediately obeyed this order, but, at 
the same time, reported the fact to Brig. Gen. 
von Gall-, Thus both his authority and mine 
were at once overthrown, over which circum- 
stance the English and Brads, himself, crowed 
loudly. It was pretended by the latter [/. e, the 
English] that the work of the blacksmith was 
needed ; but this was only a pretext, for, from 
the beginning, I had substituted Cannonier 
Walter, a thoroughly good mechanic. The 
King's work, therefore, would not have suffered ; 
for two blacksmiths are all that are required. 



no PJUSCH'S JOURNJL, 

That number is all that is allowed me ; con- 
sequently, I have no right to have more. 

Brads states in public that being, at present, in 
the service of the King and in that of no other, 
no one else has authority over him ; and this 
statement has, of course, [as things are] many 
supporters. I wish I were entirely rid of him ; 
and that I could give him up to his protectors ; 
for I fear that there will yet be a terrible scene 
with him the first time he transgresses, in the 
least, the rules of respect and discipline. I am 
sure of this, for I know that certain matters of 
jurisdiction are reserved in the treaty which was 
ratified by his Majesty, the King. 

I also add two copies of a protocul regarding 
Cannonier Nantz who is now in jail and guarded 
by a watch. An English officer had him arrested 
and brought before his Main Guard, and after- 
wards cast him into prison without informing 
me. He was afterwards taken from prison and 
brought into the Guard-room, where the com- 
manding officer of the Guard, by the name of 
Williamson of the 29th Regiment, after cuffing 
and kicking him, sent him back to the jail — a 
place, where we, at home, put only pickpockets, 
highwaymen, murderers and assassins. 

The circumstances of the case are as follows : 

Cannonier Nantz was called a " Dutch bugger" 

by a man wearing an overcoat with a hood (as 



PJUSCH'S JO URNJL. m 

all soldiers and inhabitants hereabouts do), and 
leading a girl by the arm. Expecting anything 
but such an epithet from a soldier or even from 
a Canadian peasant, Nantz answered. **Tou may 
be an infamous bugger, but what am I doing to 
you, you dog, that you should call me a bugger ?" 
Suddenly, a glistening bayonet appeared from 
under the cape. Nantz, a good, brave soldier, 
and as decent and as resolute a man as there it in 
the Company — and not intoxicated as he had 
left his bed in the barracks only three-quarters 
of an hour previous — draws his sabre. Hesita- 
ting, however, to use it, he strikes, with the flat 
side of the blade, the head of his antagonist just 
as he was in the act of using his bayonet. But 
the sabre glancing off^, he cuts one of his cheeks; 
whereupon the man with the overcoat runs away ! 

Nantz quietly pursues his way to the barracks ; 
but while in the act of passing the Guard, he is 
drawn in, arrested, and maltreated in the manner 
just mentioned. To his question " what crime 
he had committed ? " he is told that he had 
struck this officer. Whereupon, he replied, that 
he had not known he was an officer ; that he 
was heartily sorry for it ; that he never supposed 
that an officer would call him a ** Dutch bugger ; " 
that, as he had said, he had not supposed him to 
be an officer, but had taken him to be either a rude 
soldier or a Canadian peasant ; and, finally, that 
the Prince, whom he served, had not a single 



112 PAUSCirs JOURNAL. 

"bugger" in his service, but only brave soldiers 
as good as they were themselves — and that they 
all served the same King. 

On the following morning, I received an order 
to investigate the case. This was on a Monday, 
and also a tea-party day.' I took with me my 
three officers as assessors. The aggrieved officer, 
who could only speak English, came also accom- 
panied by a corporal of the English Artillery 
who spoke German. I had the accused brought 
before me and close-questioned him. Mean- 
while, the officer confessed that he had called 
Nantz a " bugger. " " Why .? " was my question 
to the officer. " Because," he replied, " the 
cannonier had looked at him." " Now," I 
asked the cannonier, " Why did you look at the 
officer ? " He replied, that " he had served his 
Majesty, the King of Prussia, for eight years, and 
was allowed to look at him whenever he met 
him; and, moreover, he had never been re- 
proved for so doing ; that he and every one else 
had a perfect right to look at any one whom 
they met in the public street." 

Perceiving, therefore, that I could do nothing 
in this matter, and that the whole affair would 
result unfavorably before the officers, I sent him 
to my Guard-House. 

> That is, a reception held at stated times by the Generals and their wives. 



PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 



113 



While at the Court Tea-party, I received from 
Major Gordon' of the Engineer Corps (who, dur- 
ing the presence of Lieut. Gen. Carleton was 
vice-commander) an order to deliver the "wretch" 
to the Main-Guard, which I did. A few hours 
afterwards, I received another order to take a 
receipt for the " wretch " from the Main-guard, 
and keep him until further directions. Three 
weeks went by without any further enquiries re- 
garding the case. 

Meanwhile, a spy enquired of my officers if 
the cannonier was in jail or on duty? I an- 
swered that he was on duty since no other order 
had been received respecting him. The Gene- 
ral, also, asked me in the drawing-room, the 



' Harry Gordon of Knockcspock, 
in the parish of Clatt, Aberdeenshire, 
came from an old Scotch family, that 
obtained from James IV, in 1508 a grant 
of the barony of Clatt, which was re- 
newed by James VI, in 1604, "to his 
beloved James Gordoun of Knockes- 
poke." The early British Army Lists 
do not mention the Engineer Corps, so it 
is impossible to state when Major Gor- 
don entered the Royal Engineers. In 
the Army Lists of 1756 he is down as a 
sub-engineer, which grade was equivalent 
to a lieutenant of Foot, but no date of 
commission is given. He became an 
engineer in ordinary and captain Jan. 4, 
lyijS, and a major in the army July 23, 
1772. He was serving in Canada in 
Sept., 1776, and he had probably been 
stationed there for several years prior 
thereto. A letter written from Quebec, to 
be found in the London Chronicle for Aug. 
7"9> ^777> *3ys, "Major Gordon, Chief 

15 



Engineer, goes home, and is succeeded by 
Capt. 'I*wi$s ot the same corps ; " and 
the same paper for Aug. 5-7, 1777, 
under date of Aug. 6, says, "Col. Gor- 
don, lately arrived from guebec, was 
presented to the King at St. James, and 
had the honour of a conference with 
his Majesty." He became a lieut- col- 
onel in the army Aug 29, 1777, and a 
sub-director of engineers and major in 
that corps Dec. 18, 1778. His last pro- 
motion was Nov. 20, 1780, when he 
was made a colonel commandant of En- 
gineers, or simply colonel, as that grade 
afterwards was known, and hi* name 
appears in the Army Lists for the last 
time in 1787. He married a Phil- 
adelphia lady named Hannah Meredith, 
by whom he had four sens and two 
daughters, and one of his sons subse- 
quently be>ame a major-general in the 
army. His descendants still survive. 
^Haddcn't Journal.^ 



11^ PJUSCH'S JOURNJL 

same question and received the same answer. 
Finally, he wrote to the Brigadier General for the 
Judge Advocate. The latter arrived. The 
officer was to be summoned ; but it was said that 
he was sick in quarters at Longueil, but would 
put in an appearance in three days. But he 
came not. At length, it was determined that 
the examination should begin. I asked for and 
procured an English officer who could speak 
German. The investigation began. It was 
translated into French and submitted to the 
General by the Major. At the close of the in- 
vestigation I was asked by the Major why I did 
not pronounce sentence on my man ? I an- 
swered that ** they should first examine the offi- 
cer ; and then I would leave it to himself to say 
whether or not the prisoner was guilty." 

Lieut. Dufais was accosted in the court- 
yard at Head-quarters, (where I would not 
go) by the General and questioned about this 
case. The latter was forced to acknowledge 
that he had reason to be perfectly satisfied 
with us in every respect so far as regarded 
our duty; but, in this particular case, ** we 
should," he said, " have entered a complaint ; 
for it was not gracious, neither was there any 
occasion to take satisfaction into our hands." 
In reply, Lieut. Dufais wanted to know "against 
whom we should enter complaint .? for, among 
so many people, we could not know the officer 



PAUSCH'S JOURNAL. i j c 



J 



who assailed our man : and that it would be 
ridiculous to complain of any one, by chance, 
without knowing the offender : also, that these 
affrays occured a hundred times in this place 
between the men j/. e. yours and ourSj but who 
could tell the names of those who run away like 
boys!!" Now, however, there is trouble all 
around; and we still remain in disfavor with the 
General, on account of the talk and remarks 
there have been concerning this affair. 

The Genera] said, he would have the case in- 
vestigated. We answered, that it would be im- 
possible, if conducted in the English language. 
If, however, they had no confidence in a Court- 
Martial composed of officers of the Hanau Regi- 
ment, there was a German General of the 
Brunswick troops here, who would certainly 
investigate the matter impartially. This propo- 
sition seems on the point ot being accepted, and 
appears to meet with approval. In view of this, 
a note has been sent to his Excellency Gen. 
Carleton at Quebec : and His Excellency Gen. 
Burgoyne, and Gen. Riedesel will be here in a 
few days, so that the case may then, possi- 
bly, be decided, 

Maj. Williamson got it into his head that he 
could order me to forbid my men going out in 
the evening with their sabres. But I told him 
that I would not dare receive such an order trom 



I I 6 PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 

any one except* my Gracious Prince, and there- 
fore I could not obey him : further : that should 
I meet any one of my men either during the day 
or at the time for retiring at 9 o'clock, going to 
his quarters without his sabre, I should have him 
flogged the next morning. I further said, that 
it was a standing order at our Capital, where 
four or five battalions were collected at a time, 
that no soldier in uniform should be without his 
side-arms. 

Since then, I have never been asked to do this ; 
and in fact, it would fare ill with my men were 
such an order enforced — since were they to 
depend on boxing for protection, some would 
return to Germany cross-eyed and some blind ! 

The most friendly feeling and unanimity 
exist between the Royal Artillery and the subal- 
terns and privates of my Company. This state of 
affairs I am endeavoring to maintain and foster 
with the greatest care and particularity. 

My powder-flasks are all warped in conse- 
quence of the dampness of the batteaux and the 
wretched weather ; and they cannot be repaired 
in this place. 

The General, who lately examined the arms 
of my Company, said that he finds the carrying 
of catouches very cumbersome and hard on the 
men The General is right ; especially as re- 



PAUSCH'S JO URNJL. jiy 

gards the piece of wood attached. I told him 
I had already sent an humble statement, regard- 
ing this very thing to my Prince, and hoped to 
be able to discard the powder-flasks; but if the 
General desired it, I would have the cartridges 
attached to the white straps. The first day, he 
merely alluded to it. The next day, he spoke of 
it again, saying, I would do well if I could free 
the men from this piece of wood, I was very 
glad to have the suggestion, for the wooden 
contrivances were not at all ornamental, and, on 
account of the expense, I could not procure new 
ones, although the old ones had become warped 
out of all shape. I, therefore, had the cartridges 
fastened to the belts until such time as I should 
have further orders from his Highness, the 
Prince — which will come in the future. They 
are now the prettiest cartridge-pocket one can see 
or wish for. They look very nicely on the men 
who have now entirely destroyed the catouch- 
boxes. 

17. In the afternoon, His Excellency, Gen. 
Burgoyne, and staff arrived here. 

18. A. Reception was held to welcome him at 
half past twelve. It was then and there, that 
the Major General and chief of the Royal Artil- 
lery in Canada, with great condescension, praised 
the Company entrusted to me, for its appearance, 
discipline and the service rendered. He also 
praised the Company tor its fine cannon-drill ; 



1 1 8 PJUSCHS JO URNAL. 

and introduced Lieut. Dufais and myself to the 
members of his staff. The [myj other two 
officers, whom he had not introduced because 
they could not speak French, were presented by 
one of his adjutants who spoke good German. 
His Excellency was very gracious and expressed 
his gratification at the good report made of us by 
Gen. Phillips. He gave us also the assurance of 
his future good will. 

17. I received an order, dated May 17th, 
1777, translated from English into German. 

Maj. Gen, Phillips received the following 
order dated " Head-quarters at Quebec, May 
10th, 1777, from His Excellency and Com- 
mander-in-chief Gen. Carleton. 

" His Majesty, the King, has graciously de- 
termined to send on an expedition a Detach- 
ment of the army, under the command of Lieut, 
Gen. Burgoyne, to consist of Grenadier and Light 
Infantry from the following Regiments, viz : 
the 24th, 9th, 20th, 2ist, 47th, 53d, and 62d. 
Fifty men from each of the above specified 
Regiments are to remain behind. 

" Of the German troops, a detachment of Sam- 
aritans' to the number of 650 men, in the same 

I Not quite clear. However, as the se« byhis Journal, oftea expresses aim- 
Germans use the term " Good Sam- self with considerable originality, and it 
aritan" as we use it, it is very proba- would be just like him to use thij ex- 
ble thjl the word is here used to desig- pression tor a hoipital guard. 
nate the Hospital Guard. Pausch, at we 



PJUSCH'S JO URNJL. i j q 

proportion^ will also remain behind. The first 
named corps is to hold itself in readiness to march 
upon receiving the first order from Lieut. Gen. 
Burgoyne, from which time, all reports are to be 
made to Gen. Burgoyne as Commander-in-chief. 
The Detachment, consisting of the fifty men 
from the above mentioned Regiments, too-ether 
with I Captain, 2 Subalterns and inferior officers — 
in the proportion as set down for each Regiment 
will rendezvous at the Head-quarters of their 
respective Regiments, and will remain there 
until further orders. The Artillery with its 
staff, the General Hospital Department, and the 
Commissioners, are to send in at once a Report 
stating whether or not they are supplied with 
every necessary for a campaign. 

"Capt. Foy, 
" Adj: Gen," 

Respecting that miserable rascal and head- 
smith, Brads, I received the following order, 
dated the i6th of May, 1777. 

"Sir: 

'*It seems a very extraordinary proceeding to 
hold under arrest for many months, a soldier for 
the sake of punishing him, as, by this means, the 
particular service, for which he was destined, 
will suffer greatly by his detention. It ns very 
likely that this was not contemplated by the 



I 2 O PJUSCirS JO URNJL. 

Treaty, that a soldier should receive pay and 
provisions, and yet not render any service while 
under employ. 

" I cannot interfere in this affair ; and I have 
accordingly, given orders that the Smith shall 
be liberated according to the wish of Brig. Gen. 
Gall : and in making use of his services, you will 
do with him as you and the Brigadier shall judge 
the most proper. 
"Montreal, May i6th, 1777. 

" W. Phillips, 

" Major General. 

" P. aS. You will have the goodness to make a 
Report of this to the Brigadier." 

It being post-day, when I received this, I sent 
the above order in the original to Berthier to 
the Brigadier General, saying I waited his orders 
as to what I should do in the premises. The 
General left it with me whether or not to 
have him re-arrested. I left him, however, 
undisturbed, as he was in the employ of the 
King — saying I would first await orders from 
my Chief at Berthier. At the same time, I gave 
it as my opinion that the fellow had already 
been somewhat punished ; and as I did not wish 
to belittle the General, the wretch had better be 
released from further punishment, and allowed to 
continue at his work. 



PJUSCH'S JO URNJL. 1 2 I 

In time of war, I find sentences of this kind 
out of place, as long, that is, as the offence is not 
a criminal one. Prompt punishment — such as 
running the gauntlet, whipping, or confining in 
fetters for a time — is the best that can be done on 
these occasions, as by these light punishments, 
the service does not suffer. 

19th. Brought to a close, the 19th of May, 1777, 
in the Winter- quarters at Montreal. It looks, 
now, as if we were on the point of starting [on the 
Expedition] ; and, perhaps, we will really do so 
before the end of the month. 



Continuation of the interrupted yournal, which was 
forwarded [to Germany \ from Montreal. 

2 1 St. A grand Review was held by His Ex- 
cellency, General Burgoyne, who arrived here, 
on the 17th, from Quebec. The Review con- 
sisted of all the Artillery here in garrison, 
which is composed of three Royal Companies 
and my own. It was similar to the one held 
here last Winter by His Excellency, General 
Carleton. 

For this reason, I forward with this an ap- 
pended Report of Gen. Phillips, signed by me 
and marked " L. A. ; " one by His Excellency, 
16 



122 PJVSCH'S JOURNAL. 

Gen. Bargoyne, signed by Gen. Phillips ; and 
one by Major Williams, also signed by myself.' 

At the close of the Review, Gen. Phillips, 
through one of his adjutants, expressed his grat- 
ification at, and his thanks for, the valuable 
services rendered by my Company from the first 
hour to the present time. He also ordered these 
sentiments to be stated to each man of the Com- 
pany individually. I immediately complied with 
his wishes, so far as the officers were concerned ; 
and the latter in turn, announced it to the men. 
After this had been done, the General delivered 
a long address, in the English language, to his 
own Artillery, which, so far as I could make out, 
was nearly of the same general tenor. 

This Review was held on the Heights behind 
the Fauburg de Recollets, and continued from 
10:30 to 12:30. When it ended, the Company 
returned to their Barracks. 

23d. The Review of the 29th Regiment was 
held at the same place. This regiment was in 
garrison here this Winter ; and, it is said, will re- 
main in its present quarters for the entire 
year. As yet, all is quiet in this garrison. 

30th. The Grenadiers and Light Infantry, 
who were in Winter-quarters here [Montreal] 

* This Journal as before observed, that personage from time to time, as an 
was written for the eye of the Prince of opportunity occurred. 
Hesse-Hanauj and was forwarded to 



PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. J23 

have started to-day on their march down to the 
River Sorel. At the present time of writing, it 
is rumored that their destination is as far as 
Chambly, St. John's and the Is/e aux Noixy 
where the advance-guard is to await the com- 
ing of the main army — after which it [the ad- 
vance-guard] is to march further on. 

28th. Last Wednesday, the 28th Inst, an Artil- 
lery company (the oneof Capt. Wachers) belong- 
ing to the advance-guard, marched in the same 
direction, viz : the River Sorel, and, thence, will 
go up the River. As it is still impracticable to 
transport our baggage over land, we will very 
likely have to make use of the two rivers for our 
advance. 

June 3d. As T have just now ascertained from 
Capt. Gerlach of the Engineers, all the German 
Regiments have broken up their quarters and 
have started for Sorel, whence they will be con- 
veyed on batteaux further up the Sorel River to 
their place of destination. 

May 30th. I received the following orders : 



First Order. 

" His Excellency, General Burgoyne, directs 
that, without exception, no officer shall take 
with him any more baggage than he is in ex- 



124 PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 

tremc need of. The officers are, therefore, 
ordered to deposit their baggage where it will 
be safe. 

. **The officers of the English Artillery offer to 
take charge of the equipage of the officers of the 
Hessian Artillery with their own. By the ex- 
press orders of General Burgoyne, no more than 
three women can be taken with each company." 

The other order relates to the Infantry, and 
has, therefore, nothing to do with the Artillery. 



June 2d. Second Order from Maj. Gen. 
Phillips. 

^^ Montreal, June id, ^777- 

"The British Artillery will set out next Thurs- 
day for Longueil ; and the Hessian Artillery 
will be prepared to set out Friday, the 6th, or 
Saturday, the 7th. 

"Clieland.' 

^^ Lieut, and adj. 

''Royal Artillery r 

On the 30th of May, His Excellency, Lieut. 
Gen. Carleton and Suite also arrived here from 
Quebec. 

'Samuel Cleaveland, Lieut, yth Reg. lery, Oct. 30, 1775 5 Capt. in tlie i6th 
of Foot, March 26th, 17735 Col. Artil- Reg. of Foot, May a4th, 1776. 



i 



PJUSCH'S JO URNJL. j 2 r 

4th. This being the greatest holiday, viz : the 
birth -day of his Majesty, the King - a salute 
of twenty-one guns was tired from the citadel. 
The 29th Regiment of Infantry, here in garri- 
son and which turned out on the Champ de 
Mars ; three general detachments of the English 
Artillery also stationed here; together with my 
Company, marched to the citadel and paraded in 
honor of the day. 

At the close of this military display, the higher 
officers, namely, his Excellency, Carleton, Bur- 
goyne and Maj. Gen. Phillips, with their staffs, 
repaired in a body to the citadel. There, at 
their order, the English gunners charged a 
six pounder with one of our style of wipers, 
first with blank cartridge' then with ball. These 
wipers, and the manner in which they were 
handled in working the cannon, met with 
approval ; and they will, in all probability, be 
adopted by the English Artillery in Canada. 
During the salute, Maj. Williams asked me to 
come to his quarters at 5 o'clock this afternoon 
both to receive orders for our march, and to learn 
of the arrangements made for our transportation. 
It is now a quarter past three o'clock ; and in 
an hour and three-quarters I shall find out what 
I wish to know, and be able to add it to this 
day's Journal. 

' Literally " blind wipers." 



126 PJUSCirS JOURNAL. 

At 5 o'clock, I received no further orders, 
excepting that a trial of minute-firing would be 
held at the citadel in presence of the whole 
body of Generals with a 6 pound English cannon, 
only 4 feet, 9 inches long (Kass'), and served by 
English Artillerists ; and also with one of my 
cannon 5 feet, 1 1 inches long, worked by my 
men. 

The English managed to fire eleven times, 
and my men twelve times {N. B. After 
each discharge the gun is spunged out). If 
I could have omitted the wiping, which dur- 
ing minute-firing, is never practised, and kept 
right on firing, as it would have been the 
proper way to do, I certainly could have 
fired nineteen to twenty times. But as the 
other side started the thing, I could not pos- 
sibly avoid doing the same. They have intro- 
duced the custom of dipping the wiper in a 
bucket of water under the cannon. This, 
however, is of no advantage, as it only in- 
creases the dampness, and, after a while, 
causes a tough gum to form inside of the gun 
which adds to the labor and retards the firing. 
I know by experience how the " Chevalier 
Pfalz^ Artillery " for a long time used this pre- 
caution, more detrimental than useful — Since it 
caused accidents which were only avoided after 

• Kass, an abbreviation for Cassel. Germany according to the district. 
Meaning by Cassel measurement — as the 
foot, as well as other measures, vary in ' Electoral Palatinate. 



PJUSCirS JO URNAL. ^21 

the custom had been done away with. The 
custom has, therefore, been abandoned [by us] 
years ago, in fact more than twenty. 

I have, also, advised those here — by whom I 
could be understood — to give the practice up ; 
but whether my well meant advice will be 
heeded or not I do not know. 

^ Shortly after this exercise, the above men- 
tioned Generals sent the English Artillery Adju- 
tant, Lieut. Clicland' to me with their compH- 
ments. At the same time, they expressed their 
entire satisfaction both at our Artillery itself, and 
at the manner and agility with which our can- 
non were handled ; and, as they wished to in- 
troduce the same method, they desired me to 
give and to cause to be given all necessary advice 
and assistance, in order that their artillerists might 
also be enabled to work as well and as rapidly as 
mine. This latter request, I respectfully prom- 
ised to fulfill ; the more so, because, a year ago, 
they were very kind to my Company in showing 
us their methods of loading and handling the 
cannon. 

5th. The remainder of the companies of the 
English Artillery who were here in garrison, 
having gone by way of the St. Lawrence to Lon- 
gueil, and who will go thence to our place of 
rendezvous at St. Johns, I shall be left behind 



• s 



ee previous note. 



128 PJUSCirS JO VRNAL. 

till wc meet there. The time for me to march 
is now set down for the 8th or 9th of this month, 
when I shall go to Longueil, and there await 
the necessary authorization papers to march, by 
way of La Prairie, to St. Johns. There is no 
doubt that these strong, well formed men, who 
look as if they had been picked out of an army, 
will, in a short time, learn, and do as well and even 
better than my small but very attentive, willing 
and excellent men ; for the former, according to 
their fashion, have great ambition, more so, in- 
deed, than the rest of the troops. 

Last evening, the 4th Inst., all the houses in 
Montreal, and in the suburbs of Quebec, St. 
Lawrence and Recollet, were illuminated, on 
account of its being the greatest National festi- 
val, viz : the birth-day of his Majesty, the King ; 
and each citizen had a feu de jot [bon-fire] in 
front of his dwelling. There was continual gun 
and pistol firing from sunset till one o'clock the 
next morning. Those who did not illuminate 
their windows were in danger of having them 
broken by stones; consequently, those houses 
which were not illuminated were ^cw and be- 
longed to those who were too poor to do so, for 
they certainly were not Rebels. 

7th. In the evening I received the two follow- 
ing orders from Maj. Gen. Phillips : 



PJUSCITS JOURNJL. 129 

^^ Montreal, yune jth, ^777- 
*^Captain Pausch: Commander of the Hesse Hanau 

Artillery. 

'* You will start with the company of Hesse- 
Hanau Artillery from Montreal on Tuesday, the 
loth inst, crossing the River at Longueil. You 
will march, also, on the following day, to 
Chambly and St. John's. At this latter place, 
you will receive four field cannon, which will 
form, under your orders, the Artillery Brigade, 
and which will be attached to the left wing of 
the Army. The orders, concerning this matter, 
have already been sent to Maj. Williams. 

*'You must see Lieut. Barmer, Asst. Quarter- 
Master General, in order to have some boats for 
the transportation of your baggage to the other 
side of the River ; and for carts, you will have 
to apply to Maj. Gen. Dupres, who will furnish 
you with all you require both for the service, 
and for repairs. 

" The Artillery of Hanau, consisting of three 
field-cannon, are to be left at Montreal under the 
command of an officer who is to take charge 
until he receives other instructions. You will, 
also, take such things with you as you need and 
may particularly desire ; and, if you think it best, 
two carts of ammunition. 

17 



I-^O PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 

" Meanwhile, the officer has to report for 
orders to Col. St. Leger, who will determine 
what orders shall be at once given. 

''Dated at Montreal June jth. 

*'W. Phillips, Maj. Gen.' 

''Montreal, June St6, ^777- 
"Dear Sir: 

"As it is not entirely certain that the Chas- 
seurs, who are expected to arrive from Europe, 
and are destined for the secret expedition under 
the command of Col. St. Leger, are from Hesse- 
Hanau,' and as the Regiment of Hesse-Hanau 
may not send off any detachments hired for 
that purpose, do not send any detachment for 
service. It is the opinion that the Artillery 
Company of Hesse-Hanau, under your orders, 
will embark with the Expedition under Lieuten- 
ant General Burgoyne. You will, therefore, 
move with all the companies of Hesse-Hanau 
(as previously advised) on Tuesday the lo Instant. 
The cannon must be left in charge of an officer 

•The result, however, proved that the 1777, for Canada. One of these coni- 

Chasseurs did come from Hesse Hanau. p-.nies, consisting of 342 men and all 

According to Col. ilainsford's " journ.:! of them trained riflemen, vi'as in St. 

as Commissary for embirking foreign Leger's Expedition — detailed for that 

troops in the English service for Ger- purpose by Carleton acting under the 

many," three companies of Hanau Chas- orders of Lord Geimain. 
seurs sailed from near Dort, April 16, 



PA USCH'S JO UR NAL. \t^\ 

who will take care of them, following the first 
instructions he received from Montreal. 

*' To M. A. Capt. Pauichr 

The other order which I received at the same 
time, was as follows : 

" Dear Sir : 

Lieut. Col. St. Leger is the Commander of an 
army corps, to which will be attached a body of 
cavalry, which, they say, are Hessians. These 
latter are expected to arrive shortly and are to go 
upon a secret Expedition.' It is therefore neces- 
sary that two cannon be added to the cavalry on 
their arrival, as they are ordered to follow the 
route of Lieut. Col. St. Leger in conformity with 
the instructions they will receive from him. 
You will, accordingly, have to give your orders 
for one officer, two under-officers, and sixteen 
artillerists of Hesse Hanau, who are to await the 
arrival of the corps of cavalry, in order to join 
them and receive the instructions of the com- 
manding officer. You are also to see to it, that 
two pieces of Hanau Artillery, with 200 charges 
of ammunition for each piece, (in the propor- 
tion of two -thirds round-ball and one-third of 
cartridges for the Artillery), are provided — also, 
every thing necessary for repairs on the way. 

' Tliis body of cavalry either did not manded, as no cavalry were with St. 
arrive in time, or the order was counter- Leger in his expedition. 



132 PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 

You will, likewise, give the order who is to 
take charge of the Artillery, and hand it over to 
the commander of the cavalry on his arrival ; 
and you are also to order twenty-tour (24) sol- 
diers to be attached to the same Artillery, and to 
provide for every thing which this corps may 
require.'" 

The army smithey is at St. John's. • Two of 
my ammunition-wagons and all of my cannon, 
with the rest of the Artillery, are at Montreal. 
At the same town, also, are the chests of the 
officers and all the stores of clothing. I left 
watron-master Kaiser and an artillerv-man in 
charge. We are using English cannon.* 

Concerning the Action of the igth of Sept. iJJJ, on 
Freeman's Farm near Stillwater on the Hudson 
River. 

Sept. 19th. On the morning of the 19th of 
September, ^JJJ) the entire army, with th ex- 
ception of the Regiment of Hesse- Hanau which 
formed the rear guard for the protection of the 
artillery and baggage, began a forward move- 

' There is no signature to this last Sept. and the 7th of October, 1777. 
letter; and there seems to be some con- This is probably caused — not by the 
fusion, also, in the dates of the letters, missing portion having been lost, as may 
as under the " 7th," Pausch receives a have been the case previously, but by the 
letter dated the 8th, I give the text, fact, that the writer had no time to con- 
however, exactly as it is in the original, tinue the Journal ; as he was continually 

on the march from this time until those 

'There is here again a break in the battles. 
Journal until the actions of the 19th of 



PAUSCH'S JOURNAL. 



133 



ment.' The batteaux, also, followed along the 
Hudson with the provisions. 

The disposition of the march was the same as 
on the 17th, viz : in two columns : the one on 
the right [under Fraser] consisting of the Royal 
troops, penetrated the mountains and woods, 
roads and paths : the one on the left, took the 
plains along the Hudson." Presently, we came 
across a demolished bridge over a swampy ditch.' 
After a short halt, during which the bridge was 
in the least possible time repaired, we resumed 
our march, which, however, was of brief dura- 
tion ; for in a little while we encountered 
another demolished bridge, which we also had 



' This advance began from " Sword's 
House." The site of this house is on 
the south bank of a spring brook, about 
fifty yards west of the Hudson river, 
and a few rods north of the south line of 
the town of Saratoga. It may be readily 
found from being about thirty rods north 
of a highway leading from the Hudson 
river road westerly, which highway is the 
first one north of Wilbur's Basin. This 
highway was nearly the same at the time 
of Burgoyne's visit in 1777, as it is now. 
It is on land now owned (1886) by a 
Mr. Chase, about three miles south of 
Schuylerville. All traces of it are now 
obliterated, save a pile of brick, and a 
slight depression in the soil where w:is 
the cellar. A son of the Sword who 
owned this house, and who was born it 
Fort George, Saratoga Co., N. Y., bf- 
came a bookseller in New York city ; 
and his tablet is still to be seen in Trinity 
Church, New York City. Those of 
our readers who arc interested enough in 



this subject to follow Pausch, should con- 
sult " The Military Journals of Gen. 
Riedesel," ana " Burgoyne's Campaign," 
where every step of Burgoyne's progress 
is described and annotated in full. 

^ There were really three columns, 
Fraser took the e.xtreme right on a ridge 
(here spoken of as " the mountains "j j 
Burgoyne, the centre; and the Germans 
under Riedesel — including, of course 
Pausch's Artillery — the " plains along 
the Hudson j " or, more properly, the 
river-bank. 

3 This bridge was over the creek that 
ran into the Hudson at a place now 
(1886) called "Wilbur's Basin." At 
this time it was quite a large stream, 
but having since been diverted into the 
Champlain canal it is at present only a 
muddy ditch. The land in which this 
is (1886) owned by a Mr. Hoag. 



134 PAUSCTTS JOURNAL. 

to replace by a new one.' While thus engaged, 
we heard firing in the direction of our right 
wing. It was then about one o'clock in the 
afternoon. At first it was musketry, but soon 
we heard cannon also. This firing soon at- 
tracted our attention by its rapid increase ; and 
Gen. Phillips, who was with our column, hast- 
ened at once to the right wing for the purpose 
of accelerating its march. Soon after he had 
gone. Gen. Riedesel detailed two companies of 
the Regiment Rhetz, under command of Capt. 
Von Friedendorf, to a hill in front and a little to 
the right of us, which they occupied, at the same 
time reconnoitring the terrain. 

The picket of our right wing had met the 
advance-guard of the enemy ; ^ but the latter 
being superior in numbers, caused our pickets to 
fall back under the protection of their advanc- 
ing column. This incident was the beginning 
of an engagement, which, in a short time, grew 
into a stubborn battle. Gen. Riedesel sent one 
of his adjutants with orders for his own Regi- 
ment to march with dispatch to the scene of 
conflict; it being his intention himself to place 
the men in position. Scarcely had this Regi- 

' This second bridge was about 1,500 one, from the fact that it was the ^r- 
feet from the bridge just mentioned (Wil- treme southern limit on the river bank, 
bur's Basin) and fifteen feet north of the reached by Burgoyne's army in his ex- 
first canal bridge south of Wilbur's Basin, pedition. 
Its bite IS now occupied by the Cham- 
plain canal. T' is point is an importtnt ^ Under Morgan. 



PJUSCH'S yOURNJL. jo r 

ment marched, when another adjutant of the 
General arrived with the order to Sc;nd him two 
cannon. Everything being quiet in front of 
our left wing, I started with two cannon, am- 
munition and a cart containing shovels, picks, 
etc., etc. 

Leaving Lieut. Dufais with the cannon and 
baggage, and giving him the necessary instruc- 
tions, I hastened up the hill, where I found the 
above mentioned regiment. I placed my can- 
non in such a position that I might be enabled 
to use them advantageously in case of need. 
The General, before my arrival, had made use 
of two companies of the Regiment Rhetz for the 
protection of the right wing of that regiment, by 
making them construct a hedge of branches and 
trunks of trees, etc., etc. He also sent Lieut. 
Reislin, with a small detachment, to a hill in our 
front, sparsely covered with trees and brushwood, 
with orders to. give ' timely notice in case the 
enemy showed signs of occupying it. For this 
purpose, he was to send out patrols ; and in 
case of being attacked in force, he was to fall 
back on his regiment. In the mean time, wc 
were to keep perfectly quiet in our first position. 

The General, at the same time, sent a subal- 
tern, with four men as a patrol, for the purpose of 
establishing communication with those who 
were in action, that he might the more easily 
march to their assistance in case of necessity. 



X36 PJUSCH'S JOURNJL. 

The first not returning, he sent a second and 
again a third in rapid succession, fearing that the 
first patrol might either have lost its way or 
been destroyed. 

The firing seemed to draw nearer ; from 
which one might infer that our right wing was 
retreating. Accordingly, without waiting longer 
for the report of the patrols, which had not yet 
come back, we left our position, and marched for 
about a quarter of an hour in the direction of 
the firing. We then formed in line of battle, I 
placing the tv/o cannon in the road which led 
into the woods. The fences, which lay to my 
left, I had already quickly thrown down in 
order that the enemy, on his approach, might 
not hide behind them. This was our second 
position. 

Meanwhile, Major von Geismar, who was yet 
on the staff of Gen. Riedesel, was sent by the 
latter to see if there was any possibility of reach- 
ing Gen. Burgoyne and informing him that he 
stood here in readiness with his own Regiment, 
two companies of the Regiment Rhetz and two 
6 pound cannon, and that he was only waiting for 
orders to reinforce him. In the meantime, the 
patrols returned one after the other. The second 
patrol having reported that the communication 
between us and the troops in action was open, 
the General [Riedesel] marched at once toward 
the right. 



PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 13^ 

He choose this way, in order to make a divi« 
sion on the right flank of the enemy. He also 
ordered the march to be beaten on the drums, 
which caused the men to cheer repeatedly. 
After descending the hill we met von Geismar 
on his return with orders from Gen. Burgoyne 
directing Gen. Riedesel to attack the enemy on 
their right flank, and, if possible, to follow them 
up. This, however, we were prevented from 
doing both by the woods and the swamps behind 
which the enemy were hidden. I was also to 
go to the right wing of the 21st English regi- 
ment. 

My wagon-master, who was now well mounted, 
was sent ahead to find a way through a corn- 
field, that we might avoid the ditches and 
swamps and not get stuck in them. 

Under a shower of the enemy's bullets, I 
safely reached the hill just as the 21st and 9th 
Regiments were about to abandon it. Neverthe- 
less, I continued to drag my two cannon up the 
hill, while Gen. Phillips exhorted the English 
Regiments, and the officers their men, to face 
the enemy. English captains and other officers 
and privates and also the Brunswick Chasseurs, 
which happened to be detailed here, grasped the 
ropes. The entire line of these regiments faced 
about, and by this faithful assistance, my cannon 
were soon on top of the hill. I had shells 

18 



138 



PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 



brought up and placed by the side of the cannon ; 
and as soon as I got the range, I fired twelve 
or fourteen shots in quick succession into the foe 
who were within good pistol shot distance.' 

The firing from muskets was at once renewed, 
and assumed lively proportions particularly the 
platoon fire from the left wing of Riedesel. 
Presently, the enemy's fire, though very lively at 
one time, suddenly ceased. I advanced about 
sixty paces sending a few shells after the flying 
enemy, and firing from twelve to fifteen shots 
more into the woods into which they had re- 
treated. Everything then became quiet ; and 
about fifteen minutes afterwards darkness set in.'' 



' Gen. Riedes«l in his memoirs, p«ys 
tiie following tribute to Pausck at this 
critical period of the action. He says : 
" when Gen. Riedesel arrived at the 
eminence [the hill up which Pausch also 
had clambered] the battle wis raging the 
fiercest. The Americans, far superior in 
numbers, had for the sixth time, hurled 
fresh troopi against the 20th, 21st and 
6ad Eng. regiments. The guns of this 
wing were already silenced, there being 
no more ammunition and all the artillery 
men having been either killed or wounded 
* * * Meanwhile, Captain Pausch. 
arrived with his guns at the right 
moment, and forming into line with the 
English, opened fire with grape shot. 
The Regiment Riedesel alto arrived at 
the nick of time, and joining the two 
companies on the ditch [/. e. those from 
the Regiment of Rhetz already sent for- 
ward] considerably extended the line of 
fire." 

'There can be no question that the 
day was saved to the English or rather 



that they were kept from a most disas- 
trous defeat, solely by the timely arrival 
of Riedesel with his men and the cannon 
of Pausch Eraser, who was a witness of 
this, in a journal circular to all the Eng- 
lish Generals, gave the fullest acknowl- 
edgments to the German troops : and yet 
Stedman — considered by many and 
among them the deservedly high au- 
thority. Gen. de Peyster — par ex- 
cellence the most accurate historian on 
the British side, could falsify history by 
closing an account of this action as fol- 
lows : "The German troops, in conse- 
quence of their position the leaving of 
which was not considered advisable, did 
not take a great part in this engagement. 
After the beginning of this action, Gen. 
Phillips made his way through the dense 
woods, a proceeding that was of great 
advantage." 

And in still further confirmation of 
the substantial aid given to the British 
at a very critical time, I received just after 
penning the above paragraph, aletter from 
my friend Mr. Jno. J. Dalgleish, F. S. A. 



1 



PJUSCH'S JOURNJL. 



^39 



I now replaced my ammunition from that of 
the English wagons at the foot of the hill. The 
loss of the Royal Artillery in to-day's action was 



of Edinburgh, Scotland, enclosing an ex- 
tract from a MS. Journal kept by his 
Grandfather, Lieut. John Djlgleish of 
the 2ist Regiment, during the campaign 
of Burgoync. Speaking of the writer of 
this yournal, Mr. Dalgleish says : 

" Mv Grandfather who had previously 
been in the old Scotch Brigade in Hol- 
land, left that service finding there was 
neither work to do nor promotion to be 
had by that time in that once famous 
corps, and joined in 1776, the 21st North 
British Furileers of the British Army and 
had the misfortune to be on; of those 
who surrendered with Burgoyne on 18 
Oct., 1777. I was always aware that he 
had served in America, but my Father 
who was a reticent man never used to 
refer to the subject, and I had not unfor- 
tunately during his life the curiosity to 
speak with him, on the subject. (My 
Grandfather died— in 1829 — before my 
birth, after attaining the command of 
his regiment in which he served in the 
West Indies, and from which retired in 
1797.) My grandfither's military ser- 
vant, who had followed him from the 
Dutch Brigade was killed on 19 Sept., 
1777 in the battle." 
Extract from Lieut. Dalgleish's 
Journal. 

" Arrived at Quebec the 8th of June 
and landed a day or two afterwards : re- 
mained there doing garrison duty along 
with the other additional companies until 
the 1 2th of August when we were 
ordered to march to join the army. 
After a long march, with a sailing over 
the lakes, we joined the army under the 
command of Lt. Gen. Burgoyne the 
3d September at Fort Edward, remained 
8 or 10 days, came up with the enemy 
the 19th instant at Freeman's Farm. 
Our picket engaged the above till one 



o'clock and were repulsed upon [which ?J 
the advanced corps went up and beat the 
E of the ground : about 2 [o'clock] the 
2lst and 62d Regts.,wereordered up as the 
enemy had got a reinforcement and had 
returned to the charge. Sometime after- 
wards the 20th Regt. was ordered in 
(mistake) up to support the two former. 
The engagement continued very hot 
until about sunset when the Germans 
came up, upon which the enemy were 
glad to get off in the dusli in evening 
and left us masters of the field of battle : 
next day part encamped on the above men- 
tioned ground and the other on the left 
of that. Remained there until on the 
8 th of October [Sic. The Battle was 
on the yth] a strong party was sent 
out to try if a hill [The hill or ridge 
from the top of which Morgan rushed 
down with his men and flanked the 
troops of Gen. Fraser and Lord Bal- 
carras. See Stone's Burgoyne''s Cam- 
paign.'] to our right and south could 
not command the enemy's camp We 
were obliged to retire into our camp 
again. Began our retreat same night 
and came to the rising grounds round 
the Hospital where remained all next 
day. There were several shots ax- 
changed on both sides. 9th. at night 
continued our retreat to Saratoga, nth. 
Entrenched ourselves there. A conven- 
tion proposed on 15th or i6th and 
agreed to the 17th same month and 
signed by both parties, /. e., by Gen. 
Burgoyne and Mr. Gates the Genl. 
We began our march the i8th, for Cam- 
bridge and arrived there 1 8th of No- 
vember. Sept 2d (1778) still in this 
situation and ordered to Rutland : ar- 
rived here [there ?] the 4th instant. 
Nov. II, 1778 was ordered to march for 
Charlottesville in Virginia a march of 600 



I4-0 



PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 



very severe. One, Capt. Johns, was mortally- 
wounded and died the next morning. 

Brigade Major, Capt. Bloomfield, received a 
shot through the cheek under the tongue.^ 
Nearly all the rest of Gen. Phillip's adjutants 
were wounded; also some of Gen. Burgoyne's 
adjutants. Over thirty men of the Royal Artil- 
lery are either dead or wounded (among them 
not one under lo inches,') all of them fine look- 
ing men. A number of them, also, died on the 
field of battle, who measured ii to 12 inches. 
Some are still alive ; others dead. 

I am the only cne in the detachment, of all 
my fellow officers, who was so fortunate as not 
even to have a horse either killed or wounded — 



miles. We arrived here at Charlottesville 
(in Albemarle county) the Jan. 1779. 
Remained there until the 23 Nov., 1780, 
when we marched into iMaryland and 
that day several of the officers fa word 
Jlegible] they were exchanged, of which 
■•appy number I was one and arrived safe 

1 New York the i5tii December, 
780." 

The following was found among the 
papers of the writer of the above by his 
grandson : 

" I do certify that Lieutenant Dal- 
gleish of the aist Regt., was regularly 
Exchanged for Lieutenant Joshua Bran- 
ard of the Connecticut Militia at New 
York the 3d day of November 1780. 
(Signed) 

Jos. LORING. 
" Com. Genl. Prisrs. 
"To ivhom it may concern." 



^ Mrs. Riedescl thus speaks of Bloom- 
field's wound : " I undertook the care of 
Major Bloomfield, Adj. o/Gen. Phillips, 
through both of wliose cheeks a small 
musket ball had passed, shattermg his 
teeth and grazing his tongue. He ceuld 
hold nothing w hatever in his moutii. The 
matter from the wound almost choked 
him, and he v/as unable to take any other 
nourishment, except a little broth. We 
had Rhine wine. I gaveliim a bottle of 
it, in hopes that the acidity of the wine 
would cleanse his wound. Ke kept 
some continually in his mouth j and 
that alone acted so beneficially that he 
became cured, and I again acquired one 
more friend. Thus, in the midst of 
my hours of my care and suffering, I de- 
rived a joyful satisfaction which made me 
very happy." For a sketch of Bloom- 
field see note ante. 



' Jones, Pausch's old friend. 
note on page 79. 



See 3 i,e. 5 feet, 10 inches. 



PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. i^i 

to say nothing of not having a man wounded, 
and only a trifling loss of a few knapsacks con- 
taining some small articles of clothing. 

The losses on our side are very considerable, 
for the reason that the enemy, during the whole 
engagement which lasted half an hour, continu- 
ally brought up fresh brigades, and thus had a 
constant supply of fresh rnen. The enemy are 
reported to have numbered from 8 to 9,000 men. 
It was impossible to discover the enemy's losses 
on the battle-field, as each retiring brigade is 
said to have taken with it, its dead and wounded. 
An exception to this, however, was the last one 
on the field. This brigade could not be relieved, 
and, consequently, was obliged to leave its dead 
and wounded in the woods in front of our right 
wing. Our small party of Indians had a fine 
time the next morning in plundering and (ac- 
cording to their wretched custom) scalping them. 

With the approaching night, we received 
orders to fall back and camp in a piece of woods 
in our rear, near a road which leads from the 
Hudson to Freeman's house and farm, where 
to-day's engagement took place.' I was to en- 
camp between the 9th and 21st Regiments. 
The whole army bivouacked ; and as I passed the 
place where Gen. Phillips was stationed, he de- 

' The locality thus designated yet re- and is owned and occupied (1886) by a 
tains the name of " Freeman's Farm," farmer of the name of William Esmond. 



14.2 PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 

sired to know what artillery brigade was going 
by ? I replied that it was a detachment of my 
own ; whereupon I immediately received his 
compliments, together with expressions of his 
personal satisfaction in regard to the action of 
to-day. 

Gen. Adj. Capt. Clark,' received similar assur- 
ances from his Excellency, Gen. Biirgoyne, the 
same evening ; and the following morning, I re- 
ceived, through Gen. von Riedesel, the same 
marks of satisfaction, in regard to myself and 
men, from Gen. Burgoyne. This I faithfully 
communicated to my detachment, announcing it 
to the oldest and the youngest. 

I cannot pass unnoticed the excellent and in- 
trepid courage, as well as the indefatigable labor 
of the two artillerymen Hausmann and Miiller ; 
also a wagon-master Ziglamm. The latter, 
although it was not his duty, not only stood the 
fire without flinching, but helped to unload the 
carts, which stood fifteen paces in the rear, that 
there might be no lack of ammunition. Under 
a shower of bullets he reconnoitred the road on 
our march up the hill; and, as the cannon had to 
be drawn mostly by men, he continually sought 
for opportunities where horses could be used to 
advantage. The only one who lagged behind, 

I Si'- Francis Cle.ke. This mistake written C/ark. He was killed in the 
probably arose from the fact that the action of the 7th Oct. 
English pronounce the name Gierke as if 



PJUSCirS JOURNJL. i^'X 

was the celebrated wagon army surgeon, and, 
perhaps, formerly mountebank and charletan, 
Unger — I suppose he has been all this ere now ; 
for he has constantly "your Excellency," "Your 
Grace, etc., etc., on his tongue. He is a " bad 
^gg" — such as could scarcely be again found in 
the whole Roman empire. He discovered a 
safe place and stayed behind with his bundles of 
bandages and lint. He also found a drum, and,- 
in company with some English drummers, got 
as drunk as a beast. 

The position, so dearly bought, was occupied 
according to command. Every body remained 
under arms during the night, but not another 
shot was heard.' 

20th. The next morning all the wounded 
were carried from the battle-field on provision 
and Infantry ammunition wagons, past us to a 
hospital on the Hudson, consisting of tents and 
former stables. I wish they had been taken by 
some other route ; for it is [an unpleasant sight 
for all soldiers, causing, as it does, reflec- 
tion, and awakening in them timidity and even 
fear of the future.'' There are daily about 
twenty or more deaths. 

' "The British and German troops challenging of the sentries." »'* The 

bivouacked on the battle-field, the Bruns- German Auxiliary troops in jim$rica." 
wickers composing in part the right 

wing. It was a siltnt night. No other * It is to this same incident, undoubt- 

sounds were heard, except the groaning edly that Anburey refers, when, in 

and sighing of the wounded, and the speaking of affairs in the British camp 



144- PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 

The dead were buried on the field of battle, 
instead of on the hill, because breast-works were 
thrown up there.' Our good and earnest army- 
surgeon, Heidelbach, (whom Counsellor Schultze 
recommended to the service of our Prince and 
for which we cannot be too grateful) came early 
this morning to me, kindly hoping to be of 
assistance to our wounded if we had any. But 
thanks be to God, I had not one man with the 
least complaint. From here he went to the 
battle-field, where the last massacre had taken 
place. On his return, he told me that behind 
the enclosure to the right he had seen over fifty 
dead bodies, but was prevented from going fur- 
ther by a fellow whom he saw leveling a gun at 
him. He thought it best, therefore, to leave. 
Shortly after, a few Englishmen and Germans 
came over to my quarters, who stated that they 
had counted about 250 dead and living, but 
badly wounded, enemies. They, however were 



just after the action of the 19th, he says : to the hospitals; others at their last 
" This friendly office to the dead, though gasp, who for want of our timely assist- 
it greatly affects the feelings, was noth- ance must have inevitably expired, 
ing to the scene in bringing in the These poor creatures, perishing with cold, 
wounded : the one were past all pain, and weltering in their blood, displayed 
the other in the most excruciating tor- such a scene, it must be a heart of 
ments, sending forth dreadlul groans, adamant that could not be affected by it. 
They had remained out all night, and even to a degree of weakness." 
from the loss of blood and want of nour- 
ishment, were upon the point of expiring » The dead were not all buried, since, 
with faintness ; some of them begged as we are told by Anburey who was there, 
they might lay and die, others again were the first two nights after the action were 
insensible ; some upon the least move- rendered hideous by the howls of large 
ment were put in the most horrid tor- packs of wolves that were attracted by 
tures, all had near a mile to be conveyed the unburied bodies of the slain. 



PJUSCH'S JOURNJL. i^^ 

unable to go farther having been several times 
shot at. 

This afternoon, the whole army is to turn out 
in a body. In consequence of an order I re- 
ceived, I sought the left wing of the German 
Division, where I found Lieut. Dufais encamped 
with two other cannon, which were silent during 
yesterday's action. I now posted my brigade 
according to my best judgment on this mount, 
and then encamped with the entire company on 
a line close behind my two cannon. My brigade 
consists, at present, of only two & pounders 
under my command on the left wing of the 
army. Two more 6 pounders are detailed for 
the use of the Brunswick Grenadier Battalion von 
Breymann, which, with the Chasseur Battalion 
and the company of Yagers (that is, what is left 
of it) under commanJ of Lieut. Gen. von Brey- 
mann covers the right flank of the army and is 
called the '* corps Breymann." We are now 
encamped on Freeman's Farm near Stillwater. 
• At Stillwater stands the hostile army consisting, 
it is said, of 12,000 men in an entrenched camp 
fenced in by an abattis, and occupying a very ad- 
vantageous and strong position.^ The right 

' The traces of Brevmann's intrench- however, is a misnomer. Properly, it is 

ments arc yet to be seen very plainly. Brevmann's Hill. It was at the north- 

They lie about twenty rods north-west of west corner of this eminence that Arnold 

Mr. Esmond's farm-house. The place is was wounded in the action of Oct. yth. 
a rocky mound, considerably elevated by 

nature, and is known by the farmers in 'Selected and fortified by Kosciusko, 
the vicinity as " Burgoyne's Hill." This 

19 



lz|.6 PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 

wing, resting on a mountain, has the Hudson for 
an appagement, and is thus protected by it. The 
adjacent, though not large plain, and also the 
road to Albany, are defended by strong detach- 
ments as far as the river. In the thickets, in 
the overgrown gorges, and in the ravines at the 
foot of the mountain, are also strong detach- 
ments which compose their pickets and senti- 
nels. By means of these pickets and sentinels 
they throw out their outposts, as it were, in a line, 
and from which, also, they send out their 
patrols. One can see nothing of their camp or 
entrenchments owing to the dense forests which 
hide them. The left wing of the enemy, ac- 
cording to report, reaches far beyond our right 
wing and outnumbers it. They are said to be 
encamped behind thick woods in an abattis and 
a fortified camp. It is also said that every day 
and every hour their numbers are augmented by 
the arrival of militia from the adjoining pro- 
vinces. According to the statements of deserters, 
they number over 12,000. 

The left wing of our army, under Gen. Ried- 
esel, rests on a mountain opposite the right 
wing of the enemy, and is also in a forest. My 
four 6 pounders, to the left but on the side of 
the hill, are there for the protection of Capt. 
Schachten of the Grenadier Company of the 
Hesse-Hanau Regiment. Contiguous to the 
left wing of the army one officer and fifty men 



PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. j^y 

of the Regiment Hanaii are stationed close to 
the Hudson on the plain, in front of a bridge on 
the road to Albany behind a little Tete de pont. 
Five to six hundred paces further on and in front 
of a house, a subaltern and ten men are like- 
wise stationed. This forms, as it were, a chain 
from our pickets to the Hudson. 

Behind our \^ii wing, down on the plain 
[which borders the riverj stands the Park of our 
heavy Artillery, our ammunition, provision and 
baggage train, and our hospital and batteaux, 
together with a few companies of the 47th Eng. 
Reg. — partly in a fortified camp, partly not. 

Between our left wing and the enemy's right 
are a swamp and a very deep ravine, covered 
with heavy bushes and trees, which begins at my 
post (where are the Regiments Rhetz, Specht 
and Riedesel), and extends to a point where the 
ravine is not so deep; and thence to an eminence, 
thus surrounding a iQ\N English regiments, to- 
wards the right. Our army is thus encamped 
according to the natural formation of the land. 
Farther to the right, and across a valley or 
ravine which divides our line, begins the English 
camp. This extends farther to the right, in 
front of a piece of woods, and through a large 
field of Indian corn to Freeman's house. On the 
height occupied on the 19th of Sept., Brig. Gen. 
Eraser is encamped, who, with the English 
Grenadiers and the Light Infantry, forms the 



14-8 pjuscirs JOURNAL. 

right wing. At a pretty fair distance from 
Fraser is stationed Lieut. Col. von Breymann 
with his Battalion of Grenadiers, the Battalion of 
Barner, and the company of Yagers in front of 
whom are encamped the Indian, Canadian and 
Albanian volunteers who have their outposts in 
front of the whole of this part of the line.' 

Altoe;ether, including English and Germans, 
our army [prhna plana) numbers 5,000 men, ex- 
clusive of the few Indians (the most of whom 
strayed away and returned to their huts), and ex- 
clusive, also, of the garrisons left at Carillon, St. 
John, Chambly, Montreal and the whole of 
Canada. Theso garrisons number at the most 
4,000 men. 

- 2 1 St. There was an alarm this morning among 
the men who were chopping trees in the woods 
for the purpose both of making a clearing in 
front of the army, and of opening up a commu- 
nication between the pickets and outposts. It is 
verv evident that we are exceedingly near the 
enmy's camp, for we can hear their drums dis- 
tinctly. To-day they fired salutes of thirteen to 
fourteen guns, and we could repeatedly hear their 
joyful exclamation " Hurrah ! Hurrah ! ! " The 
cause of their celebrating this festival is at present 
unknown to us. 

'The Albanians, however, did not 22d Sept. — See Gen. Riedesel, vol. I 
reach Burgoyne until two days later, the page 154. 



PJUSCH'S JOURNJL. 



149 



The position of our left wing was finished to- 
day, and the tents were properly pitched — a 
sure indication that henceforth our march will 
be slower, and that a very hot day [a battle] may 
be expected. 

This night a bridge was built with our bat- 
teaux across the Hudson; and on the opposite 
bank a beginning was made on a Tete de Pont^ 

22d, This morning, the pickets of the Regi- 
ment Riedesel brought in a prisoner who stated 
that the firing of yesterday in their camp was 
caused by a report that the Americans had re- 
taken Carillon/ "N. B. This can be nothing but 
a lie. 



' Anbury in his travels, in his picture 
of the buriil of Gen. Fraser, gives a very 
fine view of this Tetedt Pont mentioned 
by Pausch. The reader will find in 
Lossing's Field Book of the American Re-v- 
olution, a reduced copy of this print. 

^ The origin of this report was the suc- 
cessful raid by Lt. Col. Brown, who four 
days previously, on the i 8th, had surprised 
the outposts of Ticonderoga [Carillon], 
set free 100 American prisoners, captured 
four companies of Regulars, a quantity or 
stores and cannon, and destroyed a large 
quantity ot boats and an armed sloop. 

1 am enabled to throw new light upon 
this raid of Col. Brown, at least from a 
British stand-point, by the courtesy of 
Mr. J. H. Durham of Cape Vincent, 
N. Y., who has sent me the following 
letter — the original of which he owns 
and which is now for the first time 
printed. Mr. Durham " writes that the 
party to wliom this letter was addressed 
was a clerk of Col. Christie, Quarter 
Master Genl to his Majesty's forces in 



America, but, who, not liking the mili- 
tary work became a trader's clerk at 
Niagara. The writer of the letter, came 
over in the same vessel with Goring. 
I have the original orders of Col. Christie 
assigning both men to vessels." 

The letter is as follows : 
Carleton Island, March x^th, 1779. 

Sir : Very agreeably I received your 
letter dated Dec. ist, which did afford me 
great satisfaction to hear of your agreeable 
situation. About a month before I left 
you I was made a Master Surveyor at the 
pay of 4 stg. per day and remain at that 
pay still. 

I have surmounted many difficulties 
along with Gen. Burgoyen, \_sic'\ but es- 
caped being a Conventioner by being on 
the top of a high hill close toTyconderoga 
wiiere with 72 Artificiers I was riseing a 
Fortification on purpose to secure Gen. 
Burgoyen's retreat if he was obl'd to re- 
treat; but the unfortunate Gen. Burgoyen 
never could retreat so far suppose he 
[had] tryed it. But [he] was surrounded j 



150 



PAUSCirS JOVRNJL. 



23d. This morning, also, a man arrived here 
who represented himself as a messenger from 



no sooner had they surrounded the British 
army than a detachment of 1500 of the 
Rebellious Crew came back to Tycon- 
deroga to retake it. Accordingly, their first 
attack was upon me on top ot the mount 
[Mount Defiance] of which they took 
and killed every man of us but 9 of 
which my brother and myself were two; 
after a retreat almost incredible to believe 
without you was to see the Precipes [pre- 
cipice] and when we came to the water 
side our difficulty was to get over to 
Tyconderoga but fortunately I saw an 
old Battoux which we all got into but [it] 



TiCONDEROGA IN 1777. 



was so leaky that she was like to sink 
with us, but we kept bailing her out with 
hats and caps the best way that we could. 
We had no oars but the thorts [thwarts] 
of the boat that we paddled with. In 
this condition did I make Tyconderoga 
all tore amost to pieces. I lost all my 
clothes & 40 gineas [guineas] which I 
had in my purse which I lost in the 
retreate by a stump that tore my Breeches 
and thy [thigh]. In short I lost above loo 
pounds that morning for it was about one 
o'clock when I was surprised. As soon 
as Gen. Powell saw my condition for he 







PJUSCH'S JOVRNJL. 



151 



Gen. Clinton to Gen. Burgoyne. He was first 
taken before Gen. Riedesel, who at once sent 
him to the Head-quarters of Gen. Burgoyne, 
which was in the rear of that of Gen. Riedesel.' 



was Commanding Officer he clothed mc 
and all my few people that was with me 
as some of us was half naked as we was 
asleep when the Cowardly Villians sur- 
prised us. Gen. Powell commended my 
Conduct much in regard to my desperate 
Retreate and he gave me 20 more Car- 
penters and ordered me immediately to 
rise platforms that he might be enabled 
to mount more Cannon, and before 6 
o'clock that very night I had 16 pieces 
of Cannon [mounted] The Rebels keeped 
a Constant fire on me from the woods 
with small Arms and wounded several of 
my covering party but never touched me 
nor any of the Carpenters. About 8 
o'clock the Rebels sent in a Flagg of 
tru)C to us but Gen. Powell would not see 
[it] and ordered us to fire on them which 
we did and out of 5 killed 3, about 10 
o'clock they attacked us but we always 
drove them off with loss of men. This 
way did they lay seige to us for five days, 
then they broke up the seige and went 
against Diamond Island [''Lossing's Field 
Book Rev., " Vol. i, p. 1 14] where they 
were totally beat, a few days after we had 
the news of Genl. Burgoyens Army being 
Prisoners and about 3 weekes after Gcnl. 
Carleton sent orders up to Genl. Fjwell 
to burn up Tyconderoga to the ground 
and return to Canada with his men which 
he did. 1 came to St. Johns to my for- 
mer station. Last Fall I came to this place 
along with the Commanding Engineer 
Lieut. Wilm. Twiss [lb. page 134] 
who is my friend. 1 am in a very 
good place and have made several friends 
to myself by my sobriety and attention to 
my duty. I have keppit my health in this 
country very well. You wanted to know 
where the Bakers were^ Gallowey is 
married, and is baker at the Isle of Oxe 



Noxe \_ylux Noix'] a little above St. 
Johns; Mahon is still at St. Johns Mas- 
ter baker there and both of them doing 
very well. Baxter is a Foreman at St. 
Johns and is very well; Loggan in- 
sisted upon his discharge but whether he 
went any further than Quebec is more 
than I can tell ; he got his discharge a few 
days before I come here. This Garrison 
is very near finished and I may venture 
[to say] is the strongest post in North 
America. I hope it will be an honor to 
our Engineer and a credit to the other 
Master Carpenters and me, and every 
Artificier conserned in building of it. 
The commanding Offir. of this place has 
quarrelled with every officer in this place 
except Mr. Baker, Capt. Anderson, and 
Gill the doctor, so that no officer will 
speak to him. I return you my heartv 
thanks for your usefuU and generous pre- 
sent of Potatoes and [you may] depend if 
it ever lays in my power to serve you I 
will. I hope you will write me as soon 
as possible and will much oblidge your 
most 

Ob't Humble Serv't, 
JOHN CLUNES, 
Clerk and Foreman. 
To Mr. Goring. 

' Pausch is corroborated hy tht Bruns- 
luick Journal, which states that " Bur- 
goyne camped between the English and 
the German troops of Riedesel on the 
heights at :he left wing." This state- 
ment, mrv eover, receives additional con- 
firmation in the following incident. On 
one of my visits to the Battle-ground, I 
pointed out to Mr. Wilbur (on whose 
land we were then standing), the place 
designated by the Brunswick Journal as 
Burgoyne's head-quarters. "That," 



IC2 PAVSCtrS JOURNAL. 

In the morning, between three and four 
o'clock, several cannon-shots were heard. It is 
not yet known whether they were signals made 
by Gen. Clinton's corps which was to arrive 
from Gtn. Howe's army, or by Col. St.^Leger's 
troops, who were expected to cross Lake Cham- 
plain or St. George and with whom it was ex- 
pected would be our Yager Battalion of Hanau. 

24th. To-day, the Tete de Ponty on the oppo- 
site side of the river, was completed. Everything 
remained quiet between the two armies. An 
entrenchment of newly felled trees laid on top 
of each other has been made. The battery for 
the cannon and howitzers is placed on the hill ; 
and the openings between the trees are filled in 
with earth. On the outside, too, earth is thrown 
over them. 

The unpleasant, and, in the present situation, 
detrimental news is confirmed, viz : that Col. 
St. Leger, with his light corps of expedition up 
the River Mohawk and its territory, had to 
abandon it in consequence of the superior forces 
of the enemy and the lack of provisions, and 
retreat to Oswego. We also learn that he had 
to recross Lake Ontario and the river St. Law- 
rence as far as Montreal. We look for him now 

exclaimed Mr. Wilbur, " explains what to find great quantities of old gin and 

I have often wondered at." He then wine bottles, and that, until now, he had 

stated that when he first plowed up often been puzzled to know " how on 

that particular spot, he was accustomed earth those bottles came there ! " 



PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 



153 



with great interest by way of Lakes Champlain 
and St. George. This will be an astonishing 
march. I wish to both armies great patience 
and pacific inclinations : for during that time' one 
army can beat the other; make prisoners in 
turn ; and even eat eaf h other ! This news is 
only whispered, not spoken. 

It is also surmised, that the news of this ill- 
fated expedition of Col. St. Leger's corps has 
been known here for some time past, because a 
small and trusted detachment from our army 
was sent back incognito to bury a small number 
of batteaux and to " hill " them like graves of dead 
soldiers, that they might not be discovered by the 
enemy.^ 



^WhileSt. Leger is making his march. 

"Intended for the use of Col. St. Lcger. 
It is rather remarkable, indeed, how this 
singular bit of history regarding the burial 
of the boats is corroborated so frequently. 

Upon the raising of the siege of Fort 
Schuyler, or Fort Stanwix, as the public 
always preferred calling it, St. Leger 
hastened with his scattered forces back to 
Oswego, and thence to Montreal. From- 
that post he proceeded to Lake Champlain 
passing up the same to Ticonderoga for 
the purpose of joining the army of Bur- 
goyne. While neither himself nor Sir 
John carried this intention out, some of 
their officers did, as will be seen by re- 
ferring to Sir John yohmons Orderly 
Book, It is, however, very certain 
that St. Leger fully intended to join 
Burgoyne. Thus Gen. Burgoyne, in 
a secret and confidential letter to Gen. 
Riedesel under date of Sept. 10, 1777, 
writes as follows "* * I have, my dear 

20 



general, to intrust a little matter to your 
c?.e during your stay at Fort Edward 
I desire to have two batteaux with their 
oars, buried as quietly as possible. It 
would also, be well to shovel earth upon 
them ; and to give them still more the 
appearance of graves, a cross might be 
placed upon each hillock. All this must 
be done in the night, and only by trust- 
worthy soldiers. The teamsters cannot 
be relied on. The use for which these 
batteaux are intended, is to help Lieut. 
Col. St. Leger in crossing the river, in 
case of circumstances forcing him to 
march without his ships. This officer 
has been forced by the bad conduct of 
the Indians, to retreat on the road to 
Oswego. He has however, accom- 
plished this without loss, and is now 
on his march to the army. I have lent 
him orders as to the necessary measures 
of precaution he is to take upon arriving 
on the island at the lower end of Lake 
George. If he finds that the enemy 



154- 



PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 



All communication between us and Forts St. 
George and Carillon is cut off; and our front is 
therefore better protected than our rear.' This 
morning the advance-guard of our non-commis- 
sioned officers of the Regiment Hanau, on the 
Albany road down by the Hudson, was aroused 
by a hostile patrol, but without any loss on 
either side. With this exception all was quiet 
on both sides. 

25th. Early this morning, shortly after 2 
o'clock, the above mentioned post of subalterns 
was again attacked by the enemy's patrol, three 



are not in the vicinity of the road 
leading to the army, and he can keep 
the march of twenty-four men a secret, 
he is to cross the river near Fort Edward, 
at the same time notifying me in advance 
of his movement, that 1 may be able to 
facilitate it from my side. I have told 
him where he will find the batteaux, viz. 
inside of Fort Edivard. I have given 
orders to Brigadier General Powell to 
have your reserve cross at the same time 
with Colonel St. Leger, and to leave 
those only behind that belong to the 
regiment of Prince Frederick." 

The sequel to this burying of the 
batteaux is thus told by Dr. Gordon. In 
writing in regard to the cutting offof Bur- 
goyne by Gen. Stark's capture of Fort 
Edward, he says : " The Americans who 
had been ordered there [Fort Edward] 
made a discovery, which they greatly im- 
proved. Below the fort, close in with 
the river, they found the appearance of a 
grave, with an inscription on a board ; 

' here lies the body of Lieutenant .' 

They were at a loss what it should 
mean. On searching, they discovered 
three batteaux [Riedesel with his usual 
prudence, had, it seemed, buried three in- 



stead of two] instead of a body. These 
the enemy had concealed. Having none 
of their own, they, by the help of them 
sent scouting parties across the river [the 
Hudson] which by falling into a track a 
mile and a half beyond, discouraged the 
enemy's parties from attempting an escape 
that way." Thus, Burgoyne's and Ried- 
esel's efforts only redounded to the aid of 
their enemies ! It was undoubtedly to 
this action of Riedesel in burying the 
batteaux that Burgoyne refers to in his 
"State of the Expedition " when, in speak- 
ing of the reason why, after the action of 
the 19th of Sept., at Freeman's farm, he 
did not immediately retreat, he says : 
" The time also entitled me to expect 
Lieut. Col. St. Leber's corps would be 
arrived at Ticonderoga; and secret means 
had been long concerted to enable hiqi to 
make an effort to join me with proba- 
bility of success," The boats here men- 
tioned by Pausch, however, were addi- 
tional ones to these mentioned by 
Riedesel, and have never been found. 

' A curious situation for an invading 
army ! 




Albany in 1777. 




i 



PA USCH'S JO URNJL. ^ 

times as strong, and driven back upon the offi- 
cer s quarters. Two of our men were wounded 
and one was made a prisoner. It was afterwards 
learned from four prisoners taken by our pickets, 
that seven of the enemy were wounded.' 

This incident caused us to be on the alert It 
did not last long, however, the enemy retreated 
and all was again quiet. 

/There appeared at our out-posts, towards 12 
o clock at noon, two of the enemy's drummers 
bearmg a small white flag.l Brig. Maj. von Geis- 
mar was sent to meet them, to whom they gave 
a letter addressed to Lieut. Gen. Burgoyne fVom 
Gen. Gates, the commanding general of the 
hostile army. They also brought a package of 
letters to some of our officers — very likely trom 
prisoners of war — after the delivery of which 
they retired. ' 

Gen. Quarter Master of the Brunswick In- 
fantry Capt. of Engineers, Gerlach, was sent 
over the bridge with an escort of about fifteen 
or twenty men — volunteers from this region 

the'^lTof'ocf'"/'" /'"^""'- ?■' ''"'^'^^^ ^^^""S'^ '^^ -""d^ "ntil they 
tne 1st ot Oct., some American skir- were within a few v,rH= „f ^^ ? 

m.shers surprised a party of English sol- advance pkLt-^uarJ They chenSd 

rear ot the British head-quarters iuit/ii,i an old tin rrnmnpr ,1, -i ^i, "vving 

M. .^and^arried o. and .iiied some There ^-^t^TZ:^- 

In fact, the British camp was Icept in dtd" men^" "cneJThVrad:: '" T^ f 

continual alarm J and officers and soldiers i„g that a largefo 'c had [klleJ 

were constantly dressed and ready for them the mckft Z. A i u P°" 

action. One night twenty young far'mers farmers ed to the Z/icrn cat J"""' 

residing near the English camp and thirty British regulaVs ' °'" 
armed with fowling-pieces, marched 



1^8 PJUSCH'S JOURNJL. 

and province. They made their way through 
the mountains and valleys hoping to ascertain the 
position of the enemy's camp, and the position 
of their intrenchments. Their expedition, how- 
ever, was fruitless, because the woods prevented 
their seeing across the Fludson ; and thus with- 
out discovering or seeing anything, they returned. 

26th. All remains peaceable and quiet. In 
the evening some of our Indians returned from 
their hunt. They brought in with them a 
prisoner who although alive, yet, from fear and 
anguish, was half dead. They also had with 
them two scalps, whicii they had taken after 
their own neat fashion ! 

27th. Everything remained quiet all day long. 
Toward evening, three officers of the enemy 
were brought in — at least they pretended to be 
such, though, by their appearance, nobody would 
have supposed it ! 

The news, that was circulated a few days ago, 
that Washington's army was totally defeated by 
the troops of Gen Howe, and that the remainder 
were taken prisoners and scattered, is to-day [ap- 
parently] verified with much certainty in our 
army, but it is, nevertheless, not believed. 

Extract of a Journal of the Campaign of 1777, 
in North America to the convention at Saratoga, 
where we had to surrender as Prisoners of War. 

G. Pausch, 

Captain. 




Narrative of the Action of Oct. /th, 

AT Freeman's Farm near Stillwater 

ON the Hudson. 



Oct. 7th. In the forenoon, I received an order 
to have in readiness two 6 pound cannon with 
the requisite ammunition : also my Brigade, 
prepared to march immediately at a given signal. 
About 10 o'clock, there gathered in front of the 
camp and on the Place d' Armes of the left wing 
of the German troops, a division consisting of all 
those portions of the German regiments there 
reprdsented. Altogether, these numbered about 
three hundred men under the leadership of Lieut. 
Col. Specht,' the commander of the Infantry 
regiment of Riedesel. To this latter regiment, 
the Regiment Hesse Hanau furnished 1 officer, 
6 subalterns, i drummer, and 'jc^ privates under 
the command of Capt. Schoel. We defiled to 

' Pausch unquestionably means Lt. the Regiment Riedesel. On this point 

Q,<A. S'peth. Col. Specht, second in com- consult Hadden page 45, where Gen. 

mand of the Brunswickers to Riedesel, Rogers has pointed out this error in the 

was Col. of the Regiment Specht, not of two names so frequently made. 



l6o PJUSCfPS JO URN J L. 

the right in front of our army towards its righ 
wing as far as the Brigade of Brig. Gen. Fraser, 
where we halted. Here I found already assem- 
bled, among other regiments, the English battery 
of light infantry grenadiers, the Albanian and 
Canadiafl volunteers, and the small remnant of our 
Indians' who were in readiness for the march. 
The English Artillery furnished two howitzers, 
two 12 pound and four 6 pound cannon for the 
right wing of our battery, under Lieut. Dufais. 
Everything being quiet along the lines, I went, 
myself, with the first named two cannon of my 
Brigade, on this expedition. 

Behind the entrenched camp of Fraser, where 
we halted and where we were obliged to wait for 
further orders, there were collected in Eraser's 
tent the Generals of the army. After first hold- 
ing in it a council of war, the Generals went to 
another tent, in front of which the Savages were 
gathered, and announced to them (as I suppose, 
according to the usual Indian custom, which to 
me is utterly unknown and unintelligible) the 
order of to-day's march and the duties required 
of them. This conference lasted, in all, two 
hours, when we again resumed our march ; and 
the reassembled corps once more started. There 
were now added to the German Division the 

» 1 80 in number; the greater portion of for their cruelties — having g ne home 
the Indians — displeased at the repri- several weeks before this, 
mand administered to them by Burgoyne 



PJUSCH'S JO URNJL. 1 6 1 

small remnant of the Brunswick company of 
Yagers consisting of about loo men, and as many 
more of the Brunswick Grenadier Battalion. 
These latter constituted the entire force of this 
small corps, now reduced to about fifteen hun- 
dred men in all. * 

Leaving the Brunswick entrenchment on our 
right and finally behind us, we followed a road 
which led to a house and farm not far distant. 
This house we also left on our right, and at 
length reached some underbrush and bushes. 
Here, on the left of this road, we found an out- 
post composed of subalterns of the Grenadier 
Battalion von Breymann, which we passed. 
We followed the road farther for fully half an 
hour, during which we halted several times both 
for the purpose of sending out the volunteers and 
Indians on reconnoitering expeditions, and of 
making the road passable for the Artillery over 
the bridges. The reports of the advance-guard 
continuing favorable, and their repeated message, 
assuring us that as yet every thing was all right, 
we continued to march for the length of time 
above mentioned, (viz. half an hourj when we 
found ourselves in front of the extended left 
wing of the hostile army, of which, however, 
we could not see anything whatever, on account 
of the dense woods and the distance. Here we 
found a small cultivated and open field entirely 
surrounded by woods, and at one end of which 
II 



l62 PAUSCH'S JOURNAL. 

stood a small habitation entirely deserted by its 
former occupants. Its roof had been converted 
into an observatory from which all the adjutants, 
engineers and Quarter-Master Generals were gaz- 
ing through their glasses. Nothing, however, 
could be discovered. We now continued our 
march flanked on either side by English troops ; 
and at the same time, our small number of 
Yagers, the few men composin^^: the Chasseur 
Battalion, and the Grenadiers started out from 
one side of our line to reconnoiter. 

Meanwhile, on a piece of ground somewhat 
elevated and commanding an advantageous and 
clear position, I posted my two 6 pound cannon 
at a distance of 24 to 26 paces from each other, 
and 50 paces in advance of the front, near the 
place where the Regiment Hanau adjoined that 
of Rhetz.' 

^ This elevated piece of ground upon half an hour or more to reach it. By 

which Pausch placed his two six pound reference to the map, on opposite page, 

cannon, is now (1886), coveredby an the reader may easily trace the route 

orchard, about two rods east of the road taken by Pausch. 

leading from Quaker Springs to Still- Pausch was stationed on this eminence 

water, and twenty rods south-east of the between the English and the German 

house, now (1886), occupied by Joseph Grenadiers [see Burgoyne's Map in State 

Rogers. The exact distance by measure- of the Expedition'^ the English on his left 

meat from Fraser's tent, which was a and the Germans on his right. It is to 

little in the rear of where is now Es- this particular spot that Wilkinson refers 

mond's House (see preceding note) to whin in describing it after the battle, he 

this elevation is 230 rods, in a straight says. "The ground which had been oc ■ 

line This measurement was made for cupied by the British Grenadiers pre- 

me by my friend, Mr. E. R. Freeman, sented a scene of complicated horror and 

who resides near Esrnond's House By exultation. In the square space of 

the wood road, however, which Pausch twelve or fifteen yards lay eighteen grena- 

took, it is probably 30 rods further. It diers in the agonies of death; and three 

m ly, tliercfore, well have taken Pausch officers were propped up against the 



J 



PAUSCH'S JOURNAL. 1 65 

Meanwhile, work was still progressing on the 
entrenchments of our two wings ; and it took, 
by the way, J of an hour to march from one wing 
of our army to the other; during which march, 
not the least sign of the enemy was seen, nor 
were we molested by him in the least. Pre- 
sently, by order of Major Williams of the Eng- 
lish Artillery, the two 12 pound cannon were 
brought up and placed in front of the above 
named [deserted] house, and after being made 
ready, they were loaded. No one knew what all 
these arrangements meant ; but I shortly after- 
ward learned from Capt. Gen. Quarter-Master 
Gerlach, that it was intended to make a diversion 
at this point ; and -that the corps was for the 
protection of the general staff. At the same time, 
word was sent into the entrenchments of Brey- 
mann and Eraser, and the foragers ordered to cut 
down the corn-stalks yet standing in our rear. 
(This is called *' foraging.") An English officer 
now arrived in haste, saying that there were no 
cannon on the tiank of the left wing, and that I 
must immediately send one of mine. Against 
this I protested, on the ground that I had but two 
cannon, and in case of complying with his wish 
I should only be able to serve one gun ; that I 
desired, if it was a general order to march there 

stumps of trees, two of them mortally to Joseph Bird's tent where his wife, after 

woundeJ, bleeding and almost speech- arriving in Gates's camp, nursed him. 

less." It was here that Maj. Acland MS Letter from Bird R. L. Westover, 

of the English Grenadiers was wounded, of Castleton, Vt., (a descendant of Bird) 

Maj. Acland when wounded, was taken to the translator 



1 66 PJUSCH'S JOURNJL. 

either with both of the cannon or to give up 
neither — one cannon being no command for a 
subaltern, to say nothing of a captain ; and finally, 
that they had four 6 pound cannon of their own, 
of which one had but just gone past the left wing. 
The officer at this made himself scarce' and 
brought no other order ; and I remained at the 
post which I had myself chosen and occupied. 

After the lapse of half an hour we noticed a 
few patrols in the woods, and on the height to 
the left of the wood; and, at the same moment, 
the above mentioned two 12 pounders opened 
fire. 

Shortly after this, a large number of the 
enemy's advance-guard, who were in the bushes, 
engaged our Yagers, Chasseurs, and Volunteers. 
The action extended all along the front, the 
enemy appearing in force. During this time, 
and while both sides were thus contending, and 
I was serving my cannon, there marched out of 
the enemy's entrenchment on their left v^ing, at a 
" double quick " and in squares, two strong 
columns, one towards our right, and the other 
towards our left wing ; ' while, at the same mo- 
ment, additional forces' of the enemy poured 
down in troops to reinforce those who were 

' Or with exact literalaess " the officer 3 These " addit'uynal forces" were led 

e'vaporatcd." by Morgan and Dearborn. 

^ These '' two columns "--were respec- 
tively under Poor and Learned. 



PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 167 

already engaged with us, and advanced madly 
and blindly in the face of a furious fire. The 
attack began on the left wing with a terrific 
musketry fire, but, in a few minutes, the enemy 
repulsed it ; while the cannon, sent there by the 
English Artillery, was captured by the enemy' 
before a single shot had been fired from them. 
And now, the firing from cannon and small arms 
began to get very brisk on our right wing. 

At this junction, our left wing retreated in the 
greatest possible disorder, thereby causing a 
similar rout among our German command, 
which was stationed behind the fence in line of 
battle. They retreated — or to speak more 
plainly ■ — -they left their position without inform- 
ing me, although I was but fifty paces in ad- 
vance of them. Each man for himself, they 
made for the bushes. Without knowing it, I 
kept back the enemy for a while with my un- 
protected cannon loaded with shells. How long 
before this, the infantry had left its position, I 
cannot tell, but I saw a great number advance 
towards our now open left wing within a distance 
of r.bout 300 paces. I looked back towards the 
position still held, as I supposed, by our German 
infantry, under whose protection I, too, intended 
to retreat — but not a man was to be seen. They 
had all run across the road into the field and 

» It was upon one of these cannon it " to the American cause" jumped 
that Col. Cilley ot N. Hampshire leaped, down, turned its muzzle and fired it on 
waved his sword, and having dedicated the British with their own ammunition. 



68 



PJUSCH'S yOURNJL. 



thence into the bushes, and had taken refuge 
behind the trees. Their right wing was thus 
in front of the house, I have so often mentioned, 
but all was in disorder, though they still fought 
the enemy which continued to advance.' In 
the mean time, on our right wing,^ there was 
stubborn fighting on both sides, our rear, mean- 
while, being covered by a dense forest, which, 
just before had protected our right flank. The 
road by which we were to retreat lay through 
the woods and was already in the hands of the 
enemy, who accordingly intercepted us. Find- 
ing myself, therefore, finally in my first men- 
tioned ■ position — alone, isolated, and almost 
surrounded by the enemy, and with no way open 
but the one leading to the house where the two 
12 pound cannon stood, dismounted and de- 
serted — I had no alternative but to make my 
way along it with great difficulty if I did not 
wish to be stuck in a damned crooked road.' 

After safely reaching the house under the pro- 
tection of a musketry fire — which, however. 



' " The brave Major Forster, with two 
hundred and sixty English Grenadiers, 
withstood an equally severe fire on the 
right wing." Memo'vs of Gen. Riedesel. 
Vol. I, page 206. 

' It was just at this juncture that the 
brave Fraser, while attempting to rally 
the troops, was mortally wounded by Tim 
Murphy, one of" Morgan's sharp shooters. 
The precise spot where he was shot was 
midway between the orchard where 
Pausch was and Roger's House (see pre- 
vious note). A bass-wood tree (a 



shoot from the stump of the one under 
which Fraser was when he was shot) 
marks the spot. It is also marked by a 
granite tablet erected under the auspices 
of the " Saratoga Monument Associa- 
tion." 

3 Pausch does not exaggerate it. The 
old wood road, traces of which were visi- 
ble up to within twenty-five years, was 
almost serpentine in its course. See map 
on preceding page. The use here of the 
preposition " in "instead of " on " prob- 
ably refers to the muddineit of the road. 



PAUSCH'S JOURNAL. 169 

owing to the bushes, was fully as dangerous to 
me, as if the firing came from the enemy — I 
presently came across a little earth-work, 18 feet 
long by 5 feet high.' This I at once made use 
of by posting my two cannon, one on the right, 
and the other on the left, and began a fire alter- 
nately with balls and with shells, without, how- 
ever, being able to discriminate in favor of our men 
who were in the bashes ; for the enemy, without 
troubling them, charged savagely upon my can- 
non, hoping to dismount and silence them. But 
in this attempt, th^y twice failed, being frus- 
trated each time by the firing of my shells. 
The two above mentioned 12 pound cannon — 
in serving which, Major Williams, Lieut. York,^ 
and several subaltern officers and artillery-men 
had either been captured or killed — stood, where 
I took up this second position, as it were dead 
and deserted- 

A. brave English Lieutenant of Artillery, by the 
name of Schmidt [Smith'] and a sergeant were 

* This little earth-work;, which had Yorke are to be put under the command 

been put up for Burgoyne's advanced of Captain JVIirchelson," etc. He be- 

pickets while encamped between the came, says Gen. Rogers, a Col. in the 

19th of Sept. and the 7th Oct., can Artillery July 20th, 1804, and was 

plainly be seen in the map of this action drowned on the coast of Brazil, Nov. ist, 

in the State of the Expedition. 1805. 

2 John H. York, who in 1771, wasa 3 Wm. P. Smith here so highly 

2d Lieut, in the Battalion of the Royal praised, was commissioned a 2d Lieut. 

Artilery, was stationed in America as early in the Royal Artillery in 1 771. He was 

as 1772 and 1773. When he went to wounded and taken prisoner in the ac- 

Canada is not known, though he was tion of Oct. 7th, and was included in 

there under Carleton in 1776, since a the Cambrige Parole. He became a 

Brigade order by Maj. Gen. Phillips Col. in the Artillery the same day as his 

(given in Haddeni Orderly Book) dated fellow soldier, York, viz., July 20th, 

14th June, of that year, says : " The two 1804; and died at Leith fort, July 23d, 

pieces of cannon under Lieuts. Smith and 1806. 

22 



I yo PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 

the only two who were willing to serve the 
cannon longer. He came to me and asked me 
to let him have ten artillery-men and one sub- 
altern from my detachment to serve these can- 
non. But it was impossible for me to grant his 
request, no matter how well disposed I might 
have been towards it. Two of my men had 
been shot dead ; three or four were wounded ; a 
number had straggled off, and all the Infantry 
detailed for that purpose, either gone to the 
devil or run away. Moreover, all I had left, 
for the serving of each cannon, were four or five 
men and one subaltern. A six pound cannon, 
also, on account of its rapidity in firing, was 
more effectual than a twelve pounder, with 
which only one-third the number of shots could 
be fired ; and furthermore, I had no desire to 
silence my own cannon, which were still in my 
possession, and thereby contribute to raise the 
honors of another corps. Three wagons of 
ammunition were fired away by my cannon, 
which became so heated that it was impossible 
for any man to lay his hands on them. In front, 
and also to the right and left of my guns, I had 
conquered for myself and for those who were in 
the same terrain, a pretty comfortable fort. But 
this state of things lasted only a short time, the 
fire behind us coming nearer. Finally, our 
right wing was repulsed in our rear ; its infantry, 
however, fortunately retreating in better order 
than our left wing had done. 



PJUSCH'S JOURNJL. 171 

I still could see, as far as the plain and clear- 
ing reached, the road, on which I had marched 
to this second position, open, and a chance, 
therefore, to retreat. Accordingly, myself, the 
artillery-man, Hausemann, and two other ar- 
tillery-men, hoping to save one of the cannon, 
dragged it towards this road. The piece of 
wood on the cannon made the work for us four 
men very difficult and, in fact, next to impossi- 
ble. Finally, a subaltern followed with the 
other cannon, and placed it on the carriage. 
We now brought up the other carriage, on which 
I quickly placed the remaining gun, and marched 
briskly along the road, hoping to meet a body of 
our Infantry and with them make a stand. But 
this hope proved delusive, and was totally dis- 
pelled ; for some ran in one, and others in an 
another direction ; and by the time that I came 
within gun-shot of the woods, I found the road 
occupied by the enemy. They came towards 
us on it; the bushes were full of them; thev 
were hidden behind the trees ; and bullets in 
plenty received us. Seeing that all was irre- 
trievably lost, and that it was impossible to save 
anything, I called to my few remaining men to 
save themselves.' I myself, took refuge through 
[behind] a fence, in a piece of dense under- 
brush on the right of the road, with the last 

I "The Hanau Artillery was lost by the moirs and Military Journal of Gen. Ried- 
retreat of the English Grenadiers " Me- esel. Vol. I, page ao6. 



I 7 2 PJUSCH'S JO URNJL. 

[remaining] ammunition wagon, which, with 
the help of a gunner, I saved with the horses. 
Here I met all the different nationalities of 
our division running pell-mell — among them 
Capt. Schoel, with whom there was not a 
single man left of the Hanau Regiment. In 
this confused retreat, all made for our camp and 
our lines. The entrenchment of Breymann was 
furiously assailed;' the camp in it set on fire and 
burned, and all the baggage-horses and baggage 
captured by the enemy. The three 6 pound can- 
non of my brigade of Artillery were also taken, the 
artillery-men, Wachler and Fintzell, killed, and 
artillery-man Wall (under whose command were 
the cannon) severely, and others slightly, wounded. 
The enemy occupied this entrenchment, and re- 
mained in it during the night. The approach- 
ing darkness put an end to further operations on 
the part of the Americans. Meanwhile, every- 
thing was in commotion, and we were all on the 
alert behind our entrenchments. 

At first, I thought that I had lost my servant 
and the horses which 1 had brought with me and 
which I owned ; but, luckily, the former, seeing 
that the action was becoming lively, rides back 
to the camp with my horses and baggage ac- 
companied by the detachment of Lieut. Dufais. 
I was very glad to see him ; and far from cen- 

'By Gen. Arnold. 



PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. ijr. 

suring the happy resolution of my servant, 
praised it highly. I found, also, many of my 
runaway artillery-men in the camp, and also all 
those of my Infantry command who had taken 
early *' leg-bail." It was plainly evident, that 
they had runaway in the early part of the en- 
gagement, from the fact that there was not one 
of them dead, captured or wounded. 

I have suffered a great loss this morning in 
my company, including, also, the men who served 
the two cannon in the camp of Lieut. Col. von 
Breymann' when it was surprised, viz : four 
cannon captured, artillery-men, Wachler, Frint- 
zell, Hausemann and Weil killed, four artillery- 
men, H. Miiller, Paul. Hartmann and Scheffer 
wounded and taken, and, also, three other artil- 
lery-men, Zieuhler, Pflug, and Johannes Miiller. 
Two drivers, Vogt and Roth were likewise cap- 
tured. There were also three artillery-men slightly 
wounded, though not taken prisoners, viz : Lotz- 
mann, Beeker and Fahrbach. Four 6 pounders 
of my Artillery Brigade and also four ammuni- 
tion wagons are lost including horses, harness and 
the British drivers. All these belonged to the 

' Lieut. Col. Hcinrich Christophei- advance, whereby it is asserted Baum 
Breymann, commanded the grenadier bat- was sacrificed. After Baum's defeat 
talion sent to reinforce Carieton in the Breymann was attacked and repulsed 
spring of 1776. In Burg^ne's campaign with heavy loss, but managed to with- 
he commanded the German Light draw under cover of approaching dark- 
Brigade. He was ordered to the relief of ness, himself being wounded. — Note in 
Baum at Bennington, and much adverse Hadden, 
criticism has been made upon his tardy 



^74- 



PJUSCtrS JOURNAL. 



Royal Artillery, none of ours being among them 
with the exception of a few articles of minor 
importance. 

The entire remnant of my Brigade consists, 
therefore, of only two 6 pound cannon, four 
ammunition wagons, three wagons with shovels, 
hoes, etc., and two requisition carts. 

Gen. Fraser' and Lieut. Co!, von Breymann 
were mortally wounded in to-day's engagement, 
the latter being a prisoner.'' I also know of two 
captains of the Regiment Brunswick, and En- 
sign von Gargling of the Regiment Hanau, who 
are wounded. Our other losses small and great 
are as yet unknown, with the exception that 
Lieut. Col. Speth, with a few of his officers, 
were made prisoners at the last moment. 

This much, however, is certain ; that both 
sides have sustained heavy losses.' 



' Fraser died in a little farm house, 
tenderly ministered to until the last by 
the Baroness Riedesel. See the Letters of 
this admirable woman for a detailed ac- 
count of his death and burial. 

2 This statement of Pausch regarding 
the capture of Breymann, dift'ers from 
that made by Max von Eelkingor rather 
by Riedesel, since Eelking's work was 
founded entirely on Riedesel's memo- 
randa. Eelking, after speaking of the 
attack on the Great Redoubt, says : 
'♦another body at the same time attacked 
the embankments of Breymann's division 
in front and on the left flank. The 
Grenadiers, comprising this corps fought 
bravely, but being only two hundred 
strong, and their commander — the 
chivalric Breymann being shot dead, they 
were compelled to retreat." Wilkinson, 



also, says, the Brunswickers fled leaving 
Breymann "dead on the field." 

3 The British and German troops who 
were killed in the battle were slightly 
covered with earth and brush where they 
fell, apparently unlamented by friend or 
foe. " It was not an uncommon tiling," 
says Neilson, '' after the land was cleared 
and began to be cultivated, to see five, 
ten, and even twenty human skulls piled 
up on different stumps about the field." 
I have myself, when a boy, seen human 
bones thickly strewn about on the ground, 
which had been turned out with the 
plow. " Near the place where Fraser 
fell, a hole was dug into which the 
bodies of forty soldiers were thrown, after 
being stripped of their clothing by the 
women of the American camp." 



PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. ly ^ 

It was very quiet all day at the left wing of 
our army, with this exception, that the pickets 
and patrols fired on each other occasionally.' 

After night had fully set in, everything was 
perfectly quiet. 

I cannot sufficiently praise the exceptionally 
brave and gallant conduct of subaltern Moer- 
schell and Artillery- man Housemann during the 
action of to-day. "^ In the deepest submission to 
the favor of your Highness, I feel it my duty to 
recommend particularly Moerschell, on account 
of his good conduct, ambition, correct life, and 
punctuality in the service. 

Extract from my Journal. 

G. Pausch.' 

End of Capt. Pausch's Journal. 

' But it was more than the occasional 3 It maybe interesting to those who 

exchange of shots. It was quite a skir- have followed Pausch in his manoeuvres 

mish and took place on the river bank during the two actions, to know what 

just before the main action began. It relics there are still (1886), remaining 

was this affair which gave rise to the on the Saratoga battle-field to recall the 

council of Gates and his staff" (see Wil- stirring scenes enacted on its site. Among 

kinson) called to decide whether this these may be mentioned the following — 

skirmish was a feint on the part of the all of wliich I have myself verified. 
British, or whether the real attack would First. The breastworks which sur- 

be on the high ground to the Americans' sounded Riedesel's Brunswickers, and at 

left. The latter view which was adopted the south-eastern extremity of which the 

and acted upon, was, as we know, the Hanau artillery, under Captain Pausch, 

correct one. was placed (enclosing an area of, perhaps, 

twenty acres), are yet easily traced, being 

* Pausch, himself, was also a very still two, and, in some places, five feet 

brave officer. His company, which he high. In the center of this space, and in 

commanded in person at the Battle of the midst of a dense wood, is seen the 

Bennington, suff^ered terribly on that oc- old camp-well used by this portion of 

casion where, by the way, he likewise lost Burgoyne's army. [A large portion of 

two of his guns in the same manner as at the British camp, after the action of the 

Saratoga. ^9^^) was on the site of that battle.] 



176 



PJUSCirS JOVRNAL. 



Second. The traces of Breymann's en- 
trenchments are yet to be seen very 
plainly. The place is considerably ele- 
vated by nature, and is known among 
the farmers in the vicinity as Burgoynes 
Hill. Properly, it should be as men- 
tioned in a preceding note, Breymann's 
Hill. It was at the north-east corner of 
this eminence that Arnold was wounded. 

Thifd. The stump of the bass-wood 
tree, with another large tree grown out 
of its top, under v/hich General Fraser 
was seated on his horse when mortally 
wounded by Morgan's sharp-shooter, Pat 
Murphy, yet stands by the siae of the 
road. 

Fourth. The house which was the head- 
quarters of Generals Arnold, Learned, 
and Poor, before, during, and after the 
two actions, is still standing in excellent 
preservation. 

Fifth. The barn which served as a 
hospital for the wounded Americans re- 
mains to mark the spot where so many 
gallant men suffered and died, the timbers 
of which are as solid as when first put in. 

Sixth. The foundations and cellar of 
the house in which General Fraser died 
while being ministered to by Madam 
Riedesel, are yet clearly seen by the river 
bank. 

Se-venth. The " Ensign House," which 
received a portion of Burgoyne's wounded, 
together with the tall Dutch clock which 
ticked off the numbered minutes of the 
dying, still remains. 

Eighth. The sleepers of the bridge 
which Burgoyne threw across the '* great 
Ravine," just before he crossed it and fell 
n with the scouting party of Morgan on 



the afternoon of the 19th, are pefectly 
sound. 

Ninth. Numerous trees, which were 
standing at the time of the battles, still 
keep in their trunks the bullets fired from 
the guns of Cilley's New Hampshire 
troops. [While at Saratoga in the sum- 
mer of 1885, a farmer brought in a load 
of wood cut on the battle-field. One or 
the sticks had embedded in it twelve 
grape-shot] . 

Tenth. Not a season passes that can- 
non-balls, grape-shot, skeletons, stone 
and iron tomahawks, short carbines used 
by the German Yagers, and similar relics, 
are not plowed up by the husbandmen. 
Indeed, I myself, a few summers ago, 
picked up a gilt button of the 32d High- 
landers, and a silver buckle, on the site 
of the bloody fight of that regiment, 
which Wilkinson has in rnind when he 
writes : " In a square space of twelve or 
fifteen yards lay eighteen grenadiers in 
the agonies of deatli, and three officers 
were propped up against stumps of trees, 
two of them mortally wounded, bleeding 
and almost speechless." 

Through the zealous and patriotic 
efforts of Mrs. Ellen Hardin Walworth 
of Saratoga Springs — a Trustee of the 
Saratoga Monument Association and 
whose great-grandfather Col. Hardin, 
was in the battles — granite tablets have 
already been placed on several of the 
above mentioned historic spots on the 
battle-field — each of which bears appro- 
priate inscriptions, telling the passer-by 
what it commemorates, together with the 
name of the donor. 



APPENDIX. 



Extract from the MSS. of Gen. Rufus Putnam, corroborating 
Pausch's account of the state of affairs existing in the British 
camp between the actions of the igth of Sept. and the ph of 
Oct. — kindly furnished me by Professor R. M. Stimson of 
Marietta College., Marietta., Ohio. 

In a letter to Washington [written on account of alleged 
neglect of Gen. Gates], recommending Capt. Goodale for 
promotion " to a Majority," ( Maj. Nathan Goodale was 
taken by Indians, in this county, 1790, and died in their hands) 
Gen. Putnam says : 

" ' tis well known into what a panic the country & even the 
Northern army were thrown on the takeing of Ticonderoga. 

"When General Gates took command in that quarter our 
army Lay at Vanfiacks Island, and W. Burgoyne with black 
wyngs & painted Legions Lay at Saratoga, the woods were so 
infested with Savages, that for Some time none of the Scouts 
who were Sent out for the purpos of obtaining prisoners, or m- 
tiligence of the enimies Sittuation Succeeded in either — Gen- 
eral Gates being vexed at continual disapointments desiered 



176^ 



PJUSCH'S JOVRNAL. 



an officer to procure him a man that would undertake at all 
hazards to perform this Service & Capt Goodale being Spook 
to voluntarily undertook the business under the following orders 
from General Gates " Sir you are to chuse out one Sergent 
& Six privates, and proceed with them to the enimies camp, 
unless you loose your life or are captured, and not return untill 
you obtain a full knowledge of their Situation." 

"Cap^ Goodal in his report of this Scout Sals, * it was not 
performed without great feteague, as the party was much har- 
rassed by the Indians which ocationed there being in the 
woods three days without provisions.' however he fucceeded 
beyond expectation, first throwing himself between there out 
guards, and there camp where he concealed his party untill he 
examined there sittuation very fully, & then brought of Six 
prisoners, (which he took within there guards ) with which he 
returned to Gen' Gates without any Loss. 

" this Sucefs induced Gen' Gates to continue him on that 
kind of Service — a full detail of all the intreague, & address, 
which he discovered during the remainder of that campaign 
would make my Letter quite too long, it may be enough to 
obferve that before the capture of the British army 121 priso- 
ners fell into his hands, but as Capt. Goodale is no less brave 
& determined in the open field when opposed to regular troops 
then he is artfull as a partisan of the woods, I beg your patience 
while I write one inftancc of tnis kind." 



< 




INDEX. 



r 



/^CLAND, Maj., 165 

Albanian Volunteers, 
160 
Albany, J 46 

Amazon, a frigate, 47, 48 
American Volunteers, 16 s 
Anburey, quoted, 143, 144 
Anderson, Capt. 151 
Andernach, 22 
Anticosci Island, 58 
Army smithey at St. Johns, 

132 
Arnheim, 26 
Arnold, Gen., Sketch of, by 

Rogers, 85, 172, 176 

gACH, Lieut., 23, 31, 40, 

n . ^l' 73' 79 
baden Infantrv, 2. 26 

Balcarras, Lord, 139 

Barner, Maj., Commander of 

the Brunswick Battalion of 

Chasseurs, 89 
Earner's Light Infantry, 93 



Barnes, Lieut., Dep. Quar. 

Mas. Gen., 129 
Batiscamp, 93 
Battle of Sept. 19th, 132 
Battle of Oct. 7th, 139, 159 
Baum, Col., 173 
Baxter, a foreman, 151 
Hechtell, a boatman, 26 
Beeker, Artillery-man, 173 
Bennington, Battle of, 173, 

'75 
Berth ier Parish, 65, 89, 93, 

103, 120 
Bischle, cannonier, 23 
Bingen, 20 
"Bird, Jos., 165 
Bloomfield, Maj. Thos., 23, 

76, 86, 140 
Boetzig, Lieut, vori, 89 
Bonn, 23 
Boston, 58 
Brads, head-smith, 102, 109, 

no 
Breton, Cape, 56 



i? 



8 



PJUSCH'S JOURNJL. 



Breton, North Cape, 57 
Breymann, Lieut. Col , 145, 

148, 151, 173. 174 

Breymann's (Brunswick) En- 
trenchment, 148, 161, 172, 
176 

Breymann's Grenadier Battal- 
ion, 161 

Breymann's (Burgoyne's) Hill, 

145. 176 
Bristol, 42, 
British camp, 175 
British Grenadiers, 162. 165, 

168, 171 
Brown, Col., 149 
Brunswick Grenadiers, 73, 93 
Brunswick Chasseurs, 137 
Brunswick Infantry, 157 
Brunswick, Duke of, 4, 37 
Brunswick Troops, 39 
Brunswic'c, Regiment of, 174, 

175 
Buckroth, 24 
Biinau, Regiment of, 42 
Burgoyne, Lieut. Gen., 80, 
81, 115, 117, 119, 121, 
123, 125, 130, 136, 137, 
140, 142,^ 149, 151, 154 
Burgoyne's Campaign, Stone's 

Hist, of, referred to, 133 
Burgoyne's Army, 175 
Butler, D<c. James A., see 
Preface 

/^ALASH, Description of a, 

70 
Cambridge Parole, 17, 169 

Camille Mountains, 59 



Canadian Volunteers, 160 

Cape-de-la- Madelain, 93 

Cape Race, 51 

Cape Ray, 51, 56 

Carleton, Lieut. Gen., 63, 66, 
82, 98, 103, 104, 113, 115, 
118, 121, 124, 125, 169, 

^ 173 
Carleton, a frigate, 83 

Carter, Capt., 74, 75 

Cassel, 18, 126 

Cassel, State Library, 18 

Castleton, Vt., 165 

Caub, 21 

Chamblv, 63, 64. 89, 123, 
^ 148 

Champlain Lake, 61,62,63, 
69 ; Naval Battle on, 82, 
85, 152, 153 

Charlottesville, Va., 139 

Chasseur Battalion, 162, 166 

Chevalier Pfalz Artillery, 
126 

Chimney Point (Lake Cham- 
plain), 85 

Christie, Col , 149 

Cilley, Col., 167 

Cilley's New Hampshire 
troops, 176 

Cleaveland (^Clieland), Adj. 
Samuel, 124, 127 

Clcrke (Clark), Adj. Gen., 

Clinton, (jen. Henry, 151, 

152 
Ciunes, Jos., 151 
Coblentz, 21, 22 
Coin, 23 



I 



INDEX. 



179 



Cro-wn-Point, 8j, 85, 89 
Cur-Trierische, P'rontier of, 
22 

rjALGLEISH, John J., of 
^^ Wt'Stgrange, Scotland, 

Dalgleish, John, grandfather 

of John J,, participates in 

the battles ot Saratoga, 139 

Davis, A. McF., quoted, -57 

DeLoup, River, 65 ; Parish 

of. 93 
De Peyster, J. Watts, 138 

Diamond Island, 151 

Donop, Count, 43 

Dort, 32 

Dortrecht, 32, 34 

Dufais, CoL, 28, 31, 32, 35, 
37, 64, 72, 83, 84, 87, 
106, 109, 114, 118, 135, 
145, 160, 172 

Duplesse, Capt., 43 

Dupres, Maj. Gen., 129 

Durham, J. H., 149 

Diisseldorf, 24 

pELKlNG, Max von, 

quoted, 19, 174 
Electoral Palatinate, 126 
Emmerich, 25 
Encke, Artillery-man, 72 
Engelhard, cannonier, 67 
Engell, Bombadier, 84 
English Artillery, 165, 166 
Ensign House, The, 176 
Erfurt, 23 
Esmond, Wm., 141 



Esmond Farm-house, 145 
162 

pAHRBACH, Artillery- 

man, 173 
Fauburg de Recollects, 122, 
Faucitt, Col. Wm., 4, 5, 11. 

.29. 3^ 
Fischer, Henry A., see Preface 
Fort Carillon (Ticondcroga) 

102, 148, 149 
Fort Edward, 154 
Fort George (Lake George) 

'33 
Fort Leith, 169 

Fort St. Anna, 93 

Fort Stanwix, 66, 153 

Fort Ticonderoga, 102, 150, 

153 

Foster, Maj., 168 

Foy, Adj. Gen. Edward, 103, 

IJ9 
Frankfort, 20 
Eraser, Gen. 139, 147, 160, 

168, 174, 176 
Frederick II, Hereditary 

Prince of Hesse-Cassel, i, 

3, 6, II, 13, 17 
Freeman's Farm, Battle of, 

132, 141, 145, 154 
Freeman's House, 141 
Freeman, E. R., quoted, 162 
Freesland, a Holland Ship, 

41 
Friedendorf, Capt., 134 
Frintzeli (misprint for Freit- 

zel) an Artillery- man, 172, 

173 



i8o 



PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 



r^ALL, Brig. Gen., 64, 67, 
^-^ 97, 98, 104, 109, 120 
Gargling, Ensign von, 174' 
Gates, Gen,, 139, 157 
Gates, camp of, 165 
Gates, council of, 175 
Geismar, Col. von, 89, 136, 

George II, r i 
George III, 2, 5, 11, 36 
George, Lake, 153 
Gerlach, Capt, and Quar. 
Mas. Gen., 123, 157, 165 
Germaine, Lord George, 56 
German, Capt. von, 89 
German Gr(?iiadiers, 162 
Gill, Dr., 151 
Gloucester, a brig., 41 
Gold-Fish, English, 56, 57 
Gordon, Maj., 1 13 
Goring. Mr., 151 
Goulard, a frigate, 47, 48 
Great Redoubt, Tiie, 174 
Great Ravine, The, 176 
Guilderland, Fortress of, 30 
Guitton, a banker, 44 

rjADDEN'S ORDERLY 

^^ BOOK, quoted, 63, 
81, I 12, 169, 173 

Hague, The, 27, 30, 35 
Halifax, 58 

Hanau, Town of, 17, 22, 29 
Hanau, Fortress of, 18 
Hanau, cost of Articles at, 
lOI 

Hanau s"bips, 34 



Hanau, Regiment of, 162, 

172, 174 
Hanau Artillery, 171, 175 
Hardin, Col. John, 176 
Harow Mr., Supt. of Sailors, 

Hartmann, cannonier, 173 
Hausemann, cannonier, 142, 

171. J73' '75 
Heidelbach, Surgeon, 144 

Helvoethuys, 36, 37 

Hermann, Lieut., 75, 

Hesse-Cassel, Landgrave of, 

^ 4, 17 

Hesse-Cassel, Town of, 17 

Hesse-Hanau Artillery, 19, 

52, 69, 75, 129, 130 
Hesse-Hanau, Regiment of, 

19. 25, 93, 98, 132, 147, 

154, 159 
Hessian Chasseurs, 45. 130 
Hessian Grenadiers, 45 
Hessian Troops, 39 
Highlanders, 32d Regiment of, 

176 
Hoag, Mr., 133 
Hoover, commander, 29 
Hospital Guard (Samaritans), 

118 
Hotel DIeu (Montreal), 61 
Hougiuon Lieut., a fire-mas- 
ter, 75 
Howe, Gen,, 152, 158 
Hudson River, 132, 133, 141, 
146, 154? '58 

tBBETSON, Miss, 80 
■*■ Indian Volunteers, i6q 



INDEX. 



i8i 



inflexible The, a frigat«, 83 

Isle au Bas, 97 

Isle aux Noix, 78, 81, 88, 92, 

102, 123, 151 
Isle d'Orleans, 97 
Isle of Wight, 47, 55 

JACOBS, Capt., 48 
J James IV, 113 
Johns, Capt,, 140 
Jones, Capt. Thos., 79, 81 
Juno, a ship, 32, 41, 51 

TT" A I S E R, wagon-master, 1 3 2 

^ Kass (Cassel), 126 
Kent, Duke of, 60 
Kurtzleben, Capt. 43 

T A BLAND, a frigate, 62 

^ La Cole, River, 81 

La Prairie. 64, 67, 89, 128 

La Savanne, 89 

La Valentine, Parish of, 98 

Learned, Gen., 166 

Leith, Scotland, 169 

Leutz, Col., 89 

Leyden, 27 

London, 35, 42 

London Chronicle, quoted, 

Longeuil, Seigniory of, 89, 90, 

92, 127, 128, 129 
Loring, Commissary Jos., 140 
Lossing's Field Book, referred 

to, 149, 151 
Lotzmann, cannonier, 173 
Lowell, Edward J., Intro- 
duction by, 1-18 



\/|AINZ, 20 

^^^ Malsburg, Frederick de, 

6, 16, 17 
Manual, a transport frigate, 46 
Marburg, Archives of, 18 
Maria, a frigate, 82 
Marie River, 20 
Marknam, W. T., 163 
Marschalk, iVlaj. Gen., 21 
Mary, Princes*, daughter of 

George II, i 
Mary, a vessel, 63 
Masquinonge, Parish of, 93 
Mastriche, 65 
Meredith, Hannah, 113 
Meuse River, 32 
Micchelson, Capt., 74, 78 
iViohawk River, 152 
Moeler, Robert, see Preface 
Moerschell, a Subaltern, 175 
Money, Quar. Mas. Gen., 

90, 91 
Montreal, 61, 89, 90, 95, 96, 

98, 99, 103, 121, 122, 128, 

129, 132, 148, 152, 153 
Morgan, Gen, Daniel, 134, 

136 
Mount Defiance (Ticonder- 

oga), 150 
iVliiiler, H,, cannonier, 142, 

in 

Miiher, Johannes, 173 
Murphy, '' Pat," 168 

fVjANTZ, cannonier, 109 
^ ' Neilson, quoted, 162, 

Neuwied, 22 



l82 



PJUSCH'S JOURNJL. 



Newfoundland, Banks of, 51 
Nicholas, Island of, 58 
Nieuenheim, Count, 26 
Nimwegen, 27, 30. 34 
North Wessel, 24 

qBERWINTER, 22, 23 
^^ Offenbach, 20 
Ontario, Lake, 152 
Oswego, 152, 153 

DAPINEAU, iMrs. L. J. 

*■ A., Letter of, 89 

Paul, cannonier, 173 

Pausch, Capt. George, what 
is known of him, 17 ; sets 
out for America with his 
company from Hanau, 19 ; 
has difficulties with the Cus- 
tom-House officers in pass- 
ing through Holland, 26- 
32 ; embarks on the Trans- 
port ship, Juno, for Que- 
bec, 32 ; touches at 
Spithead, 39 ; visits and 
describes Portsmouth, 44- 
46; sets sail from the Isle 
of Wight for Canada under 
convoy, 48 ; falls in with 
an American Privateer, 50 j 
meets with an iceburg, 55 ; 
arrives at Cape Breton, 56 ; 
catches, eats and enjoys Eng- 
lish gold fish, 57 ; reaches 
the Island Nicholas, 58 ; 
arrives at Quebec, 59 ; at 
Montreal, 63 ; at Chanibly, 
64 5 his travels in C-^nada, 



Pausch, Capt. Geo. — con. 
65, and forward ; receives 
an order from Maj. Bloom- 
field, 73 ; describes the 
Naval Battle on Lake 
Champlain, 82 ; receives 
orders from. Gen. Philips, 
87-90 ; supplies his men 
with overalls, socks, caps, 
mittens, etc., 93 ; in bar- 
racks at Montreal, 99 ; 
prepares charges against 
hcad'Smith, Brads, 102- 
109 ; describes the differ- 
ence between the English 
and (jerman cannon drill, 
108 ; defends his cannonier, 
Nantz, from the insults of 
English officers, and de- 
scribes, with great naivete, 
the character of his alleged 
offence, 110; takes part in 
a grand Review held by 
Burgoyne, 121 ; receives 
the thanks of Gen. Phillips 
for the valuable services 
rendered by his company, 
122; receives orders from 
Gen. Phillips, 123-129 ; 
the English artillerists use 
his style of gun-wipers at 
the request of Carlcton, 
Burgoyne, and Phillips, 

125 ; describes and criticises 
the English style of loading 
and firing, and the u>e of 
a peculiar kind of wiper, 

126 ; his account of the 



INDEX. 



183 



Pausch, Capt. Geo. — con. 
Action of Sept. 19th, 132 ;. 
also, tho Action of Oc t 
7th, 159 ; takes a stand 
and places his cannon in 
position, 162; Riedesei 
pays a tribute to him, 138 ; 
gets nearly " stuck in a 
damned crooked road," ]68j 
forced to reireat with the 
loss of his cannon — his men 
" having either all gone to 
the Devil, or run away ! " 
170 ; his character for 
bravery, 175; reports to 
his Prince favorably on the 
conduct of several of his 
men, 175. 

Pearl, The, a Royal frigate, 

5B 

Pflug, cannonier, 173 

Phillips, Maj. Gen., 66, 71, 
73, 80, 86, 87, 90, 93, 98, 
104, 105, 107, 118, 120, 
121, 122, 124, 125, 128, 
13O' nh HO, 141, 169 

Point au Feu, 82 

Point aux Tremble, 97 

Point du Lac, 93 

Point Neuf, 61 

Poor, Gen., 166 

Portsmouth, 36, 40, 42, 46, 

56 
Powell, Brig. Gen., 150, 154 

QUEBEC, 31, 40, 44, 58, 
59, 98, 103, 118, 124, 
128, 139, 151 



n ADEAU,The,74,75,77, 

^ 81,82 

Rainsford, Col., 27, 28, 29, 

3O' 3I' 35. 37. ^3° 
Recollect Parisli, 128 

Reislin, Lieut., 135 

Rhinefels, fortress of, 21, 22 

Rhine River, 20, 24 

Richelieu River, see St. Johns 

River 

Rhetz, Regiment of, 93, 134, 

I35» 136' 162 
Riedesei, Maj. Gen., 39, 49, 

56, 64, 67, 68, 71, 84, 89, 

'03, 104, 115, 133. 134, 
.13^' 137' 142, 146, ^54 
Riedesei, Military Journals of 

quoted, 168, 171 
Riedesei, Madame, quoted, 

70, 140, 174, 176 
Riedesei, Regiment of, 93, 

Rogers, Gen., Horatio, 
quoted, 74, 75, 79, 85, 
91' 103, 151, 159, 169 

Rogers, Jos., 162, 168 

Rogers' House, 168 

Rosiere, Cape, 58 

Roth, a driver, 173 

Royal Artillery, Battalion of, 

93' ^34, 135, 136' 162 
Royal Troops, their disposi- 
tion at Battle of Sept. 19, 

I3J 

OT ANTOINE, 66 
^ St. Charles River, 59 
St. Goar, 21, 22. 



184 



PJUSCirS JOURNJL. 



St. Helen's, Bay of, 47 

St. James' Churchj London. 

80 
St. John's, 67, 88, 89, 90, 

, 95, '23' 1.32' 14B 

St John's River (Sorel, Cham- 

bly, Richelieu), 62, 78, 96, 

123 
St. Lawrence River, 59, 78, 

93' 127, 152 
St. Lawrence Parish, 128 
St. Lawrence, Gulf of, 56 
St. Leger, Col., 66, 130, 131, 

152, 153' 154 

St. Magdalene Islands, 57 

St. Paul Island, 57 

St. Peter's Bank, 51 

St. Pierre, Lake, 61, 62, 65, 

93. 97 

Saratoga Monument Associa- 
tion, 168, 176 

Saratoga Springs, 176 

Samaritans (name of a Hos- 
pital Guard), 1 18 

Sartorius, Lieut., 97, 104 

Schachten, Capt., 146 

SchefFer, cannonier, 173 

Schenken-Schanz, 25, 26, 28, 

30 

Schmidt (Smith), Capt. Ed- 
ward, 32, 38, 52 

Schmidt (Smith), Capt. Wm. 
P., 169 

Schmidt, Paymaster, 44 

Schoel, Capt., 89, 97, 159, 
172 

Schultz, Councillor, 144 

Schutzen, Lieut., 90 



Scibold, cannonier, 91 
Solomons, Lieut. Gen., 25 
Sorel, River, see St. John's 

River 
Spangenburg, Lieut., 20-24, 

26, 31, 40, 68, 73, 81, 87, 

90 92. 97. 
Spech, Col., 159, 174. 
Specht, Col., 39, 41, 42, 48, 

159. 
Specht, Regiment of, 93. 
Spithead, 39-43 
Stade, 39 
State ot the Expedition (Bur- 

goyne's) referred to, 162 
Stedman's History criticised, 

138 
Stillwater, N. Y., 145, 162 
Stone, Wm. L., 103 ; his 

map of Battle of Oct. 7th, 

163. 
Stude, an Envoy, 43 
Suffolk, Earl of, 4, 14, 17 
Sword's House, 133 
Sword, Thos. son of the 

owner of " Sword's House, 

133 

npAYLOR, a Banker, 44 
''• Tartar, a Royal frigate, 

59 
Three Rivers, Town of, 62, 

64' 72, 93' 106 
Tour, Lieut., 90 
Trinity Church Yard, N, Y., 

Thos. Swords buried in, 133 
Twenty-Ninth Regiment, 122 
Twiss, Lieut. Wm., 151 



INDEX. 



185 



T TNGEPv,amountebank, 143 
^ Utrecht, 27 

T/'ICTORIA, Queen, 60 
^ Vincent, Cape, 149 
Vogel, Eugene, see Preface 
Vogt, a driver, 173 

WACHERS, Capt., 123 
Wahl, River, 28 
Waldeck, Prince of, 29 
Waldeck, Prince, Battalion 

and Regiment of, 40, 43 
Waldeck, Town of, 39 
Walpole, Horace, i 
Walter, cannonier, 109 
Walworth, Mrs. Ellen H., 

176. 
Washington, Army of, 158 
Weld, quoted, 70, 74, 75 
Weil, cannonier, 173 
West, Cape, 57 
Westover, Bird R. L., 165 
Wilbur's Basin, 133, 134, 154 
Wilkinson, quoted, 174 
Wilhelmstadt, 32, 36 



Wjlliam III, Count and Land- 
grave of Hesse-Cassel, i, 
14, 18, T9, 25, 105, 175, 
176 

Williams, Maj., 67, 122, 125, 
165, 169, 

Williamson (Williams?) Maj., 

"5 

Wind-Mill Point (Lake Cham- 
plain), 82 

Woehler (mis-printed Wachter 
and Wachler), a bombadier, 

Wutginau, Gen. von, 21 
Wutginau, Regiment of, 42 

"yAGER, Battalion, 145, 
* 152, 162 
York, Lieut. Jno. H., 769 
Yorke, Sir Jos., 4, 27 

ZIEGENHAIN, Fortress 
of, 18 
Zicuhler, cannonier, 173 
Ziglamon,a wagon-master, 142 
Zons, 23, 24 



I 

i 



ERRATA. 
Page 89, 1st line, for Barness, read Earner. 
Page 129, 1st line, 2d ][, for Barmer, read Barnes. 

Page 42, 1st line, 3d, ^ for Wultgenau and Biinan, read Wutginau and Biinau. 
Page 138, last line in note, after John J. Dalgleish F. S. A. add "Scot, of West- 
grange, and of" 

Page 144, 13th line from top, for fifty, read seventy. 

Page 174, among those of Pausch's men captured read, ''also Bombadier Wall.' 



"u 



I' 



x^ 



